Term
| Sodium deficit (hyponatremia) |
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Definition
Serum sodium <135 mEq/L.
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps and weakness, muscle twitching, seizures, papilledema, dry skin, increased pulse, decreased BP |
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Term
| Sodium excess (hypernatremia) |
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Definition
>145 mEq/L
Thirst, high body temp, swollen dry tongue, sticky mucous membrane, lethargic, restless, irritable, focal or grand mal seizures, pulm edema, hyperreflexia, twitching, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, high pulse and BP |
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Term
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Definition
<3.5 mEq/L
fatigue, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, muscle weakness, decreased bowel motility, ventricular asystole/fibrillation, paresthesias, leg cramps, low BP, ileus, abdominal distension, hypoactive reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
>5.0 mEq/L
Vague muscle weakness, tachycardia-->bradycardia, dysrythmias, flaccid paralysis, paresthesias, intestinal colic, cramps, irritability, anxiety
Significant changes in EKG, (if K=7 go into asytole, flatline), wide flat P-wave, QRS is wider, tall tented T-wave (moderate K increase), With extreme, you lose the P-wave, have blunting of T-wave. |
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Term
| Calcium deficit (hypocalcemia) |
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Definition
<8.5 mg/dL
Numbness, tingling of fingers, toes, and circumoral region, positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's sign, seizures, carpopedal spasms, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, irritability, bronchospasm, anxiety, impaired clotting time, low prothrombin |
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Term
| Calcium excess (hypercalcemia) |
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Definition
>10.5 mg/dL
Muscle weakness, constipation, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, polyuria/polydypsia, hyPOactive deep tendon reflexes, lethargy, deep bone pain, pathologic fractures, flank pain, calcium stones |
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Term
| Mg2+ deficit (hypomanesemia) |
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Definition
<1.8 mg/dL
Neuromusc irritability, + Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs, insomnia, mood change, anorexia, vomiting, increased tendon reflexes, high BP |
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Term
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Definition
>2.7 mg/dL
Flushing, hypotension, drowsiness, hypoactive reflexes, depressed respiration, cardiac arrest and coma, diaphoresis |
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Term
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Definition
<2.5 mg/dL
Paresthesias, muscle weakness, bone pain and tenderness, chest pain, confusion, cardiomyopathy, respiratory failure, seizure, tissue hypoxia, increased susceptibility to infection |
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Term
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Definition
>4.5 mg/dL
Tetany, tachycardia, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, muscle weakness, signs/symptoms of hypocalcemia |
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Term
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Definition
>108 mEq/L
Tachypnea, lethargy, weakness, deep rapid respirations, decline in cognitive status, decreased cardiac output, dyspnea, tachycardia, pitting edema, dysrythmia, coma |
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Term
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Definition
<96 mEq/L
Agitation, irritability, tremor, muscle cramps, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, hypertonicity, tetany, slow/shallow respiration, seizures, dysrythmias, coma |
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