Term
|
Definition
• The flow or movement of
electrons (the negatively
charged parts of atoms) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-allow the flow of electrons
– Metals like copper and aluminum, water |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-do not allow the flow of
electrons
– Rubber, plastics, ceramics, wood, glass,
myelin sheath on nerve cells |
|
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Term
Give examples of Electricity in the body (electrochemical
responses/signals) |
|
Definition
– Entire nervous system
• Nerve impulses
• Muscle signals
• Neurons in our brains
• Our heartbeats |
|
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Term
|
Definition
– Build up of electricity, often
from friction or rubbing two
insulators together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Consistent flow of electrons leading to an electrical
current |
|
|
Term
| Is Distilled water a conductor or an insulator? |
|
Definition
| Insulator. The introduction of ions to distilled water provides means for electrical transmission. Ions that can transfer charge/electricity are known as electrolytes. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
– The potential difference
between two points
– Electrons flow from an area
of high potential toward low
potential or ground
– A car is 12V and house is
120V and body 20-200mV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – Amount of flow of electricity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
– Conductors possess less
resistance
– Ω depends on:
• Temperature (higher temp
means more resistance due to
electron collisions)
• Length of conductor (longer is
more resistance)
• Purity of conductor
• Thickness of conductor
(thicker is less resistance)
– Much of body oils, skin, and
bones are resistors |
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|
Term
| Voltage with regards to the water in the pipe analogy |
|
Definition
Voltage = pressure in the
pipe |
|
|
Term
| Current with regards to the water in the pipe analogy |
|
Definition
• Current = flow rate of water
through the pipe |
|
|
Term
| Resistance with regards to the water in the pipe analogy |
|
Definition
• Resistance is a pinched
point in the clamp causing a
restricted but not stopped
flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I = V/R
• Current = voltage/resistance
• Higher resistance materials
require more voltage to get
the same current (electrical
flow) accomplished
• Infinite resistance is a
broken filament in say a
circuit or bulb
• Electricity, current, is often
high enough to cause
serious damage and death
to a person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Power is the rate as which
energy is changed into
work
• Power (watts) = voltage
(V) x current (I)
• 1=kilowatt (kW)=1000
watts of power
• 1 kW∙hour = 1kW of
power used over an
entire hour
– Light bulb is 100W
– If it is on for 24hrs this is
2,400 W hrs or 2.4 kW ∙hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alternating current
• Current changes direction
going back and forth
• Common in US power stations
and in our outlets
• Only AC can use transformers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct current
• Current only travels in one
direction
• Typical current from batteries
• Typical current in HUMAN BODIES |
|
|
Term
| A nerve impulse is a series of changes in the concentration of certain ions along the axon of the nerve. Which ion concentration is affected the greatest? |
|
Definition
A nerve impulse is a
series of changes in
(mostly Na) ion
concentrations
across a membrane
(ICF vs. ECF) that
leads to an electrical
wave generation and
traveling
• Such as a neuron
response to a
stimulus |
|
|
Term
| What is considered to be an average heart rate per minute? per day? |
|
Definition
| 70 bpm or 100,000 beats per day |
|
|
Term
| Action potentials in the heart lasts (longer/shorter) than action potentials in the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraction of the heart is initiated in the (SA/AV) node. The impulse then travels to the (SA/AV) node where the contraction is then slowed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True/False: Heartbeat is not intrinsic to heart muscles and requires additional nervous system stimulation |
|
Definition
False; Heartbeat is intrinsic to heart muscles and not require
additional nervous system stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Electrochemical starters like acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine will tend to (speed up/slow down) heart rate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of shock is more common at home, macroshock or microshock? |
|
Definition
| Macroshock. This type of shock travels through the entire body. |
|
|
Term
| Which type of shock does a pacemaker deliver, macroshock or microshock? |
|
Definition
| Microshock. A pacemaker delivers just enough electricity to initiate the contraction of the heart. |
|
|
Term
| ECG (Electrocardiogram)/EKG |
|
Definition
• Measure of the electrical
activity of the heart
• Diagnostic with size,
frequency, and duration of
the waves |
|
|
Term
| EEG (electroencephalogram) |
|
Definition
• Measures electrical patterns at
the surface of the scalp---
brainwaves measured
• Diagnosis targets of epilepsy,
brain death, brain tumor, and
used in sleep research (REM
sleep) |
|
|
Term
TENS (Transcutaneous electrical
nerve stimulation) |
|
Definition
• Relief of pain from
rheumatism, sciatica, back
pain, and whilst in labor
• Blocks pain messages to the
brain and brings blood flow to
the pained area of body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Used to treat ventricular
fibrillation
– Uncoordinated or chaotic beating
of the heart that increases the
odds of a heart attack
– Depolarized the entire heart to let
it restart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Passing high frequency AC current
through the body to cut and seal blood
vessels
• Nerves and the heart are very
insensitive to high frequencies
– Local heating and increased blood flow
– Aids healing and pain relief |
|
|
Term
| ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy) |
|
Definition
• Sends electric signals to the
brain in hopes of curing or
relieving severe or chronic
depression
• Controversial
• A bad history |
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