Term
-Nonzero charge-polarized-___ number of electrons vs protons.
-Quantified degree of polarization=___. Positively charged and negatively charged bodies ___ to each other; force that causes a body to attract to each other.
-Unit measure of charge is the ___. |
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Definition
| different; charge; attract; coulomb |
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Term
| ___ ___-hypothetical process by which electrons fill shells starting with the innermost shell first, then moving outward to the next when inner shells are full |
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Definition
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Term
| motion of charge of particles from point to point is called a ___. This concept was described by Andre Marie ___. Measure for current is an ___. Symbolized as the letter __. |
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Definition
| current; Ampere; ampere (amp); I |
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Term
-In direct current (DC), the electric charge (current) only flows in ___ direction. Electric charge in alternating current (AC), on the other hand, ___ direction periodically. The voltage in AC circuits also periodically ___ because the current changes direction.
-Both of these can be harnessed for power
-Audiology uses both of these types-hearing aids uses DC and Audiometer uses AC |
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Definition
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Term
| an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in ___. ___ energy of each unit of charge. Potential energy to be ___ from current flow |
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Definition
| volts; Potential; harnessed |
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Term
| As current goes up ___ goes up. __ for voltage, sometimes __. |
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Definition
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Term
| If there is a greater different in height (or charge) then there is going to be more ___ for the water (energy) to move |
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Definition
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Term
| Conventional flow of electric current, as distinct from electron flow, is stated as being in the ___ direction |
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Definition
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Term
-resistance to flow; analogous to ___; prevents ___; The more resistance the ___ energy there is in the circuit
-Resistance works in opposition to ___ and ___
-Measured in ___-omega symbol |
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Definition
| friction; movement; less; current and voltage; ohms |
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Term
-___ is the rate per unit time that a unit of energy is transferred by a circuit
-is a function of ___ and ___
-Measured in ___ |
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Definition
| Power; current and voltage; watts (W) |
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Term
The Water Pipe Analogy:
-___: the height of the tower / water pressure
-___: the rate of water flow
-___: the ability of the water to flow. Narrow pipe = ___ rate of flow =___ resistance. Wide pipe =___ rate of flow =___ resistance
-___: the combination of water pressure (voltage) and
rate of flow (current) that results in the ability to do work |
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Definition
| Voltage; Current; Resistance; low; high; high; low; Power |
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Term
-current and resistance are ___ related
-The resistance and current capacity of a given wire are related to several characteristics of that wire, including ___, length, ___, and material composition |
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Definition
| inversely; temperature; diameter |
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Term
| when any two of the four quantities are known, the other two can be derived |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the equations for ohm's, volts, amps, and watts? |
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Definition
-Ohms = Volts / Amps
-Volts = Amps x Ohms
-Amps = Volts / Ohms
-Watts = Volts x Amps |
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Term
| a pathway along which electrical current flows |
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Definition
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Term
-an electrical current requires a ___ pathway for electrons to flow
-Circuits have to be ___ in order to have a flow of electricity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Battery: -Uses chemical energy to create ___ energy (voltage) for circuits
-Voltage is measured between the ___ and ___ terminals of the battery
-Single-cell batteries
• Batteries for hearing aids, cameras, watches
– Multiple-cell batteries
• Batteries for automobiles, lanterns, many electronics (i.e., 9-volt batteries) |
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Definition
| potential; positive (+); negative (-) |
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Term
| Battery: voltage is determined by the ___ of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| a material that allows easy flow of electricity (has low resistance) |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of materials are conductors made out of? |
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Definition
| Copper, silver, and aluminum |
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Term
| a material that impedes flow of electricity (has high resistance) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some insulator materials? |
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Definition
| glass, rubber, wood, and ceramics |
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Term
| a material that allows flow of electricity only under certain conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some semiconductor materials? |
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Definition
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Term
| Silicon conducts well when small amounts of other elements such as ___ or ___ are added to it |
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Definition
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Term
-AC currents cause the heart to ___ which is an abnormal rhythm of your heart
-Electrical current always seeks the path of least resistance to the ___ and moves almost ___ |
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Definition
| fibrillate; ground; instantaneously |
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Term
-Electricity travels in ___ circuits, typically through a ____
-Shock results when the body becomes part of the ___ ___ (current enters the body at one point and leaves at another) |
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Definition
| closed; conductor; electrical circuit |
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Term
| Measures the electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit |
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Definition
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Term
Voltmeter:
-Can be used to measure the voltage ___ from an electrical device
-Can be used to determine the ___ of electrical problems |
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Definition
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Term
| A ___ combines multiple functions into a single handheld device |
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Definition
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Term
-The ungrounded conductors, or “___” wires, may
be any color other than green, white, or gray. They are usually ___ or ___.
-A hot wire usually comes from AC voltage source at ___ V |
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Definition
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Term
-The neutral wire will lead to the ___
-Neutral and ground come from a termination point that goes to ___, such as a copper rod driven into the ___ or a cold ___ ___ |
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Definition
| ground; ground; earth; water pipe |
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Term
-Hot and neutral wires make a circuit to provide ___ across the circuit plugged in
-These two wires always must be ___ from one another |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ ___ is where the neutral and hot wire touch and the electricity goes straight to the ground |
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Definition
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Term
| Safety devices located in electrical devices to prevent overloading and fires |
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Definition
| fuse and circuit breakers |
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Term
-Fuse and circuit breakers automatically ___ ___ the electrical current if it exceeds safe levels
-___: breaks/opens and must be replaced
-___ ___: “trips” and can be reset |
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Definition
| cut off; Fuse; Circuit breaker |
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Term
-If a circuit breaker is being tripped ___ or a fuse must constantly be ___, it means that too much current is being drawn by the devices in the circuit
-Devices should be removed and ___ for short circuits or
other malfunction |
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Definition
| repeatedly; replaced; checked |
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Term
| Danger signs: burning ___ or ___, ___ outlets or switches, ___ wires |
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Definition
| odor; warmth; discolored; exposed |
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Term
| Grounding: ground wire (3rd wire; 3rd prong)-runs to ___ ___ that runs to the ___; purpose is to provide a ___ path in the event that the device malfunctions |
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Definition
| metal pipe ; ground; return |
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Term
| Path for excess current to be carried away |
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Definition
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Term
Ground:
-Definition 1: the ___ point in an electrical circuit from which other voltages are measured
-Definition 2: the “___ ___” for electrical current to reach the earth |
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Definition
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Term
Power strips...
-Must have an internal ___ ___ (Prevents overloading, overheating, and shorts)
–Must have a ___ (not metal) external casing
–Must not have a ___ or otherwise ___ cord
–Must always have a ___ plug (one blade larger than the
other) or a ___-___ ground plug
-Must not have a cord longer than ___ feet in length unless classified as an extension cord with power strip |
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Definition
| circuit breaker; plastic; frayed; compromised; polarized; three-prong; 6 |
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Term
| What is the most common injury due to electrical shock? |
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Definition
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Term
electrical burns...
-Result from heat generated by the ___ of electric current
-are a serious injury and require ___ medical attention |
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Definition
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Term
high temperatures near the body produced by an electric arc or
explosion |
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Definition
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Term
skin comes in contact with overheated electric equipment,
or clothing is ignited in an electrical incident |
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Definition
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Term
| High levels of electrical current flowing through the body can damage internal organs: ___ (internal bleeding), ___ damage, ___ damage, and ___ damage |
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Definition
| hemorrhage; tissue; nerve; muscle |
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Term
-Normal muscle contraction is caused by small ___ currents within the body
-Large electrical currents can cause violent muscle ___
*Soft tissue damage – ___, ___, and ___
*Broken ___
*___
*Hand muscle contractions may prevent ___ an electrocuting object |
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Definition
| electrical; contractions; muscles, tendons, ligaments ; bones; Falls; releasing |
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Term
How many amps does it take to feel these things?
-Perception level. Just a faint tingle.
-Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average individual can let go.
-Painful shock, muscular control is lost.
-This is called the freezing current or "let-go" range.
-Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions.
-Ventricular fibrillation.
-Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death. |
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Definition
| .001, .005, .006-.025; .009-.030; .050-.150; 1-4.3; 10 |
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Term
-When human skin is dry it is ___
-current=volts/ohms=120/100,000=__ mA (.001 A)
-___ perceptible level of current |
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Definition
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Term
-When human skin is wet the resistance ___ dramatically
-current=volts/ohms=120/1,000=___ mA (.12A)
-Sufficient current to cause ___ ___ |
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Definition
| drops; 120; ventricular fibrillation |
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Term
| A low voltage electrocution becomes much more hazardous in ___ conditions |
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Definition
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Term
-Muscular contraction caused by electrocution may not
allow an individual to ___ him/herself from the circuit
-The degree of injury increases as a function of the ___ the body is in the circuit.
-Thus even relatively ___ voltages can be extremely
dangerous.
-An exposure of 100mA for 3 seconds can cause the ___ amount of damage as an exposure of 900mA for .03 seconds |
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Definition
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Term
Good practices:
-Visually ___ all electrical equipment before use.
-Remove any equipment with ___ cords, missing ___ prongs, ___ tool casings, etc. from service.
-Apply a ___ ___ to any defective equipment and do not use it until it has been properly repaired. |
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Definition
| inspect; frayed; ground ;cracked; warning tag |
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