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Definition
| entity that defies definition; is measured in units of coulombs (C); |
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Definition
| unit of measurement used to quantitatively describe a charge |
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Term
| Universal Law of Conservation of Charge |
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Definition
| The universe has no net charge; net charge is created by separating electrons from protons. |
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Definition
| smallest unit of charge; e = 1.6x10^-19 C |
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| Opp. charges attract each other; like charges repel each other. |
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Definition
| Describes the magnitude of repulsive/attractive forces between two charged objects; F = k(q1q2/r^2) |
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Definition
| originating point on an object from which a charge is generated |
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Definition
| man-made concept designed to explain action at a distance |
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Term
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Definition
| used to represent fields; lof point in the direction of the field (e fields: + --> -; g fields: --> mass creating the field) |
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Definition
| electrostatic force per unit charge; units are given as N/C or V/m. |
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Term
| Eqtn for electric field of a point charge |
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Definition
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Term
| Eqtn for force (F) on a charge (q) in an electric field (E) |
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Definition
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Term
| Eqtn for potential energy (U) of a charge in an electric field |
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Definition
U = Eqd
(notice similarity to gravitational PE - U = mgh) |
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Term
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Definition
| the potential for work by an electric field in moving any charge from one point to another; V = Ed; units = volts (V) - J/C |
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Definition
| unit of measurement used to define voltage; can be expressed as J/C |
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| Eqtn for voltage due to a point charge |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surfaces normal to an electric field that describe a set of points all with the same potential (V) |
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Term
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Definition
| created by two opp. charges with equal magnitude |
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Term
| Electric dipole moment (p = qd) |
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Definition
| a vector whose magnitude is the charge q on one of the charges times the distance between the charges |
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Term
| Review of eqtns for an electric field created by a point charge |
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Definition
Eqtn Units
F = k(q1q2/r^2) N
E = k(q1/r^2) N/C or V/m
U = k(q1q2/r) J
V = k(q1/r) |
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Term
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Definition
| allow e's to flow relatively freely (i.e. metals) |
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Term
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Definition
| (poor conductors) hold e's tightly in place and impede free flow of e's (i.e. network solids such as diamonds and glass) |
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Term
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Definition
| method of charging a conductor by moving -ly charged objects close to electrically insulated conductors |
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Definition
| flow of moving charges; given in amps (A) or C/s |
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Definition
| unit of measurement used to describe current; also given as C/s |
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Definition
| cyclical pathway for moving charge |
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Definition
| quantitative measure of a substance's resistance to flow of charge |
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Definition
| quantitative measure of an object of a particular shape and size to resist the flow of charge; measured in ohms |
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Definition
| measurement used to describe an object's resistance |
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Term
| Eqtn for a material's resistivity |
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Definition
| R = p(rho)x(L/A); where L = length and A = area |
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Term
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Definition
eqtn that relates voltage (V), current (i), and resistance (R:
V = iR |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of current flowing into any node (intersection of wires) must be the same amount that flows out |
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Term
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Definition
| the voltage around any path in a circuit must sum to 0 |
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Term
| Electromotive force (EMF) |
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Definition
| means of rating batteries; not a true force, simply a fancy word for voltage |
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Term
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Definition
| used to temporarily store energy in a circuit; E is stored in the form of separated charge |
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Term
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Definition
| two plates, made from conductive material, that are separated by a very small distance; on a charged capacitor: one plate holds + charge while the other wholes the same amount of - charge |
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Term
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Definition
ability to store charge per unit voltage;
C = Q/V |
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Term
| Eqtns for the energy (U) stored in any shape capacitor |
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Definition
U = 1/2QV or
(others derived from C = Q/V)
U = 1/2CV^2 or
U = 1/2Q^2/C |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to substance between the plates of a capacitor (must be an insulator); resists the creation of an electric field, thus allowing the capacitor to store more energy |
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Term
| Relation between voltage and time as defined by batteries (charging/discharging) |
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Definition
Charging: V increases with time
Discharging: V decreases with time |
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Term
| Eqtns for resistance and capacitance in circuits (series & parallel) |
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Definition
Resistance: eff = Total
Reff = R1 + R2 +... (series)
1/Reff = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +... (parallel)
Capacitance:
Ceff = C1 + C2 +... (parallel)
1/Ceff = 1/C1 + 1/C2 +... (series) |
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Term
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Definition
rate of energy transfer; electrical power eqtns:
P = iV; P = i^2R; P = V^2/R |
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Term
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Definition
| Concept often used to integrate electricity and mechanics into the same question |
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Term
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Definition
| rate at which heat is generated as current goes through a resistor |
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Term
| Direct current (DC current) |
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Definition
| net movement of e's is in one direction around a circuit |
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Term
| Alternating current (AC current) |
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Definition
| created by oscillating e's back and forth in SHM; commonly used in home outlets in the U.S. |
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Term
| Voltage and Current for AC current |
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Definition
described as sine waves; max current occurs at max velocity; eqtns:
Vmax = sqrt2xVrms; imax = sqrt2xirms |
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Term
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Definition
| unit of measurement used to describe magnetic field strenth |
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Term
| Changing electric fields create magnetic fields; stationary charges do not create magnetic fields |
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Definition
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Term
| Force (experienced by a charge moving through a magnetic field) |
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Definition
Force (F) on a charge (q) moving with velocity (v) through a magnetic field (B) is:
F = qvBsin(theta) |
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Term
| Force (experienced by a charge moving through a magnetic field) |
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Definition
Force (F) on a charge (q) moving with velocity (v) through a magnetic field (B) is:
F = qvBsin(theta)
theta = angle b/t mag field and charge velocity |
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Term
| Direction of force (experienced by a charge moving through a magnetic field) |
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Definition
| the force is directed perpendicularly to both velocity and the mag. field |
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Term
| Changing magnetic fields create electric fields |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the source and flow of energy in situations in which electrical fields are induced |
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Definition
| Mechanical E is transferred to internal E because the forces due to induced e fields are non-conservative |
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Term
| Moving charges, magnetic fields, and forces |
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Definition
| A moving charge generates a mag field; when moving through a mag field, a moving charge experiences force |
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