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ELCS Final Exam
ELCS questions
142
Other
Professional
09/08/2010

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are symptoms of Hep B?
Definition

  • Jaundice (yellow eyes, skin)
  • fever
  • abdominal pain
  • liver damage
  • liver cancer
  • death

Term
What steps can inhibit the chain of infection for MRSA?
Definition

  • Pathogen
  • Source - Antibiotics
  • Mode - Disinfection/hand washing
  • Entry - PPE
  • Host
*No immunization

Term
What are the steps to prepare the facebow?
Definition

  1.  Center nasion relator assembly
  2. Attach indirect transfer assembly
  3. Loosen thumb screw at center of facebow
  4. Loosen thumb screws on bite fork holder

Term
What are the steps to follow in case of a needle stick?
Definition

  1. Attend wound - force it to bleed
  2. Inform patient and ask to test blood
  3. Inform clinical operations
  4. Arrange for patient to go to employee health
  5. Return to SOD and finish procedure

Term
What should you do after removing the bite fork from the patient's mouth?
Definition

  1. Chill the wax under tap water
  2. Inspect for soft tissue or deep occlusal registrations (only want cusp tips)
  3. Trim excess wax with Bard Parker knife
  4. Reinsert in patient's mouth to verify stability of record

Term
What are 4 chemical agents approved for dental water line treatment?
Definition

  1. Chlorine compounds
  2. Iodine
  3. Silver
  4. Hydrogen peroxide

Term
What are the 5 C's of CA-MRSA transmission?
Definition

  1. Contact
  2. Cleanliness
  3. Compromised skin integrity
  4. Contaminated object
  5. Crowded living

Term
What is the 3 step office policy for MRSA?
Definition

  1. Cover, keep clean
  2. Physician clearance (needed at UABSOD)
  3. Eradication therapy

Term
What are the 4 principles of work simplification?
Definition

  1. Eliminate - unnecessary steps, equipment, movements
  2. Combine - double ended instruments, 2 step procedure in 1 step
  3. Rearrange - equipment, patient scheduling, steps of procedures
  4. Simplify - equipment and procedures

Term
What are steps of positioning the facebow?
Definition

  1. Explain procedure
  2. Place bite fork in mouth
  3. Support underneath with cotton rolls
  4. Place facebow in ears, pt. holds side arms
  5. Place bite fork shaft into holder
  6. Tighten thumb screw on top of facebow
  7. Center nose piece on nasion and tighten
  8. Slide toggle on fork shaft near lips & tighten
  9. Tighten screw on vertical rod

Term
Describe the 5 classes of motions
Definition

  1. Fingers only
  2. fingers and wrist
  3. fingers, wrist, elbow
  4. entire arm from shoulder
  5. entire arm and twisting of body

Term
What are the steps of the Hep B vaccination?
Definition

  1. Given 3 doses
  2. Test for antibodies 1-2 months later
  3. If inadequate, re-dose and re-test 

Term
What are the 4 components of listening?
Definition

  1. Hearing the message
  2. Interpreting the message
  3. Evaluating the message content
  4. Retaining and responding to the message

Term
What are 3 advantages of using wedges?
Definition

  1. Helps restore proper contour
  2. Helps restore proper contact
  3. Prevents gingival amalgam overhang

Term
What are 5 benefits of four handed dentistry?
Definition

  1. Increases efficiency through use of asst.
  2. Decrease in muscular stress
  3. Increase in dentist's concentration on skill and judgment
  4. Increases production by 100%
  5. Decreases stress and fatigue by 50-70%

Term
What are 3 benefits of effective listening?
Definition

  1. Individual feels valued and empowered
  2. You gain insight into the situation and perspective of the individual
  3. You formulate a more appropriate response in accordance to the needs of others

Term
What are the steps for removing the Facebow?
Definition

  1. Loosen top screw and nasion screw         (don't touch bite fork holder screws)
  2. Have pt. hold facebow steady while removing bite fork
  3. Disinfect wax and fork that were in mouth

Term
What are the 4 principles of "Four-Handed Dentistry"?
Definition

  1. Patient's treatment is organized and tasks are simplified
  2. Patient and dental team are seated and positioned properly
  3. Dentist utilizes skills of trained chair-side assistant
  4. Assistant performs all legally allowable duties

Term
What are 3 main modes of transmission of MRSA?
Definition

  1. Person-person via hands
  2. Patient and PPE
  3. Environmental contamination

Term
What are 3 distinct characteristics of anterior matrix systems?
Definition

  1. Placed interproximally before etching and bonding of tooth
  2. band pulled tight after placement of composite material
  3. clear plastic band allows penetration by curing light

Term
What are 4 purposes of a suction tip?
Definition

  1. To control water used as coolant for high speed handpiece
  2. To control debris from slow speed handpiece
  3. To remove fluids from mouth
  4. To prevent moisture contamination w/ materials

Term
What 3 factors would have to be present for a DHCP to transmit to a patient?
Definition

  1. Viremia - already in the bloodstream
  2. Injury
  3. Entry - DHCP blood into pt. wound

Term
What are the steps to prepare the bite fork?
Definition

  1. Warm one sheet base plate wax at 140
  2. Fold rectangle sheet into square
  3. Place wax on bite fork
  4. Fold excess underneath

Term
What are 4 recommendations to prevent MRSA spread?
Definition

  1. Wash hands
  2. Keep wounds covered
  3. Eliminate sharing of personal items
  4. Stress clean facilities

Term
What are 9 barriers to effective listening?
Definition

  1. lack of interest
  2. distracting delivery
  3. external and internal noise
  4. arrogance and disrespect
  5. pre-programmed emotional responses
  6. ambushing
  7. listening for facts
  8. faking attention
  9. thought speed

Term
What are 4 methods of active listening?
Definition

  1. paraphrase (repeat back in your own words)
  2. express understanding
  3. ask questions
  4. communicate nonverbally

Term
How many people in US have AIDS?
Definition

> 1 million

 

21% are unaware

Term
What does the ADA recommend as a safe amount of bacteria in a dental water line?
Definition
< 200 cfu
Term
What are the 4 areas of instrument processing?
Definition

 

  1. Contaminated area: receiving, cleaning,     decontamination
  2. Sterilization: sterilizer and autoclave
  3. Preparation and packaging
  4. Storage: cabinet for sterilized tools

 

Term
What are 5 general recommendations for disinfecting and sterilizing patient-care items?
Definition

 

  1. Use only FDA approved sterilization devices
  2. Clean and heat sterilize critical instruments
  3. Clean and heat sterilize semi-critical instruments
  4. Allow packages to dry in sterilizer before handling
  5. Ensure non-critical items are cleaned or barrier-protected

 

Term
What are 6 ways to provide effective feedback?
Definition

 

  1. talk first about yourself ("I" not "you")
  2. use descriptive statements without judgment
  3. state facts
  4. only say things you know for certain
  5. use statements, not questions
  6. provide positive and negative feedback

 

Term
What should the articulator immediate side shifts be set to?
Definition

0

(the long line)

Term
What is the setting expansion of mounting stone?
Definition

0.08%

(very low)

Term
How long can Hep B live in dried blood?
Definition
1 week
Term
What are the 2 biggest rules of standard precautions?
Definition

1. Assume any and all human blood is infected

 

2. Always wear PPE

Term
What are 3 ways to keep clinical surfaces clean?
Definition

1. Barrier protection

2. Low level disinfectants

3. Intermediate level disinfectants

Term
What steps help ensure proper disinfection of facebow apparatus?
Definition

1. Cleaning ear pieces with Caviwipes

2. Using latex finger cot over earpieces

Term
What items are needed for facebow registration?
Definition

1. The facebow

2. Transfer assembley

3. Bite fork

4. Pink face plate wax

5. Registration material (compound)

6. Bard Parker Knife

Term
What are 3 types of sterilization that can be used on heat-tolerant dental instruments?
Definition

1. autoclaving (steam under pressure)

2. dry heat

3. unsaturated chemical vapor

Term

What % of Americans have Hep C?

What % are asymptomatic?

Definition

1.6%

 

80%

Term
What is the total working time for mounting stone?
Definition
2-3 minutes
Term
What is the kill time for office disinfectants against MRSA?
Definition
2-3 minutes
Term
How long is an autoclave drying cycle?
Definition
20-45 minutes
Term
What temperature and pressure does sterilization require?
Definition

250 degrees F

 

15 psi

Term
How much water should be added to one package of mounting stone?
Definition
26mL
Term
What is the temperature and time of an autoclave flash cycle sterilization?
Definition

270 degrees F 

3 min (unwrapped) or 7 min (wrapped)

Term
How long should the ultrasonic machine run to clean instrument cassettes?
Definition
3-20 minutes
Term
How long should loose instruments run in an ultrasonic machine?
Definition
3-6 minutes
Term
How long should you hand mix mounting stone in green bowl?
Definition
30 seconds
Term
What % of people have Staph aureus in their nose and are considered carriers?
Definition
30%
Term
What % of Hep B infected people show no symptoms?
Definition

30%

 

1.25 million chronically infected

Term
How long can a MRSA strain survive on a surface?
Definition
38 weeks
Term
How long can Hep C survive on a surface?
Definition
4 days
Term
What are the 4 areas of activity?
Definition

8-11 operator

11-2 static zone

2-5 assistant

5-8 transfer zone

Term
What % of instruments lost down pharynx are swallowed?
Definition
87%
Term
What % of all chairside movements is made by the dental assistant?
Definition
92%
Term
What are the components of a universal retainer?
Definition

·      Outer knob: tightens or loosens matrix 

·      Inner knob: adjust size of loop

·      Spindle: tightens end of band

·      Diagonal slot: always faces gingival

·      Guide slot: determine which quadrant

Term
What is the greatest risk for percutaneous injury in a dental office?
Definition
A dental bur, syringe, sharps
Term
What is the most common route of BBP infection?
Definition

A patient giving it to DHCP

 

(many patients don't even know they have it)

Term
What does MRSA infection look like?
Definition
Abscesses, pustular lesions, boils, spider bites, cellulitis
Term
What is one of the best (and easiest) ways to kill MRSA?
Definition
Alcohol hand sanitizers
Term
What is the first step when positioning a facebow on the patient?
Definition
Always explain the procedure - what you will be doing, why, and what you need them to do
Term
What is the definition of a facebow?
Definition
An instrument used to record the spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to anatomic reference points and then transfer this relationship to an articulator.
Term
When are wedges used with matrix retainers?
Definition
Any time you are working on a tooth that has an adjacent tooth
Term
How often should you change the solution in the ultrasonic cleaner?
Definition
At least daily or more often if needed
Term
What does HIV target in the body?
Definition
Attacks immune system, specifically white blood cells (CD4+ T cells)
Term
When should dental water lines be flushed?
Definition
Between every patient for at least 20-30 seconds
Term
Where are Pathogenic microorganisms found?
Definition

Blood - Blood borne pathogens

 

OPIM - other potentially infectious material

Term
What are two names for plastic matrix bands?
Definition

Celluloid matrix

 

Mylar strip

Term
In what classes of lesions would you use a plastic matrix band retainer?
Definition
Class III and IV lesions
Term
How are hand-pieces cleaned and sterilized?
Definition
Cleaned thoroughly prior to autoclaving
Term
What is CA-MRSA?
Definition

Community Associated Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus

 

- Resistant to beta lactam and non-beta lactam antibiotic families

Term
What is by far the most common way BBP are transmitted in a dental office?
Definition

Cuts or punctures by contaminated sharps

 

*second is splashes to mucous membranes

Term
What is the primary way microorganisms are transfered between surfaces?
Definition
DHCP's hands
Term
What is the difference between the direct mounting technique and the indirect mounting technique?
Definition

Direct - entire facebow is used

 

Indirect - only the transfer assembly is used

Term
T/F:  The suction tip should be placed just above the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth to pull water across
Definition
False.  Tip should be placed even with occlusal surface height
Term
Where do you most commonly position a posterior matrix retainer?
Definition
From the buccal surface
Term
Who developed diagnosis and treatment of cavities?
Definition
G.V. Black
Term
What is the best way to prevent Hep B?
Definition
Get vaccinated
Term
What is never allowed in the ultrasonic cleaner?
Definition
HANDPIECES
Term
Who is at most risk for CA-MRSA?
Definition

Health care workers, athletes, military, prisoners, children

(Nurses are the highest - 9%)

Term
What is HA-MRSA?
Definition

Healthcare Associated Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus

 

70% ICU infections in 2007

19,000 deaths

Term
What are 3 common BBP in healthcare setting?
Definition

Hep B

Hep C

HIV

Term
What is the % risk of becoming infected from a needle stick for Hep B, Hep C, HIV?
Definition

Hep B - 30%

Hep C - 2%

HIV - 0.3%

Term
What is the most common route of transmission?
Definition
Homosexual activity (53%)
Term
What is the interpupillary line?
Definition
Horizontal line bisecting eyes and ears on patient's face; completed facebow should be parallel to this line
Term
Where should sterilized instruments be stored?
Definition
In clean dry environments like enclosed cabinets
Term
What constitutes a Class IV lesion?
Definition
Includes proximal surface and incisal edge of anterior teeth
Term
How is a CA-MRSA infection most commonly manifested?
Definition
Infection of skin/soft tissue
Term
What is the active ingredient of office disinfectants against MRSA?
Definition
Isopropanol
Term
In what quadrants would you use the left guide channel of a matrix band retainer?
Definition
Maxillary left and mandibular right
Term
In what quadrants would you use the right guide channel of a matrix band retainer?
Definition
Maxillary right and Mandibular left
Term
What is MIP?
Definition
Maximal Intercuspation - orientation where teeth fit together, interlock, and don't wiggle any
Term
What is MRSA?
Definition
Methicillin-resistant staph aureus
Term
Where do Class I lesions occur?
Definition

Occlusal, Buccal, and Lingual of posterior teeth

 

Lingual of anterior teeth

Term
What is a major way to limit risk of needle stick in clinic?
Definition
One-handed needle recapping
Term
What constitutes a Class III lesion?
Definition

Only involves proximal surfaces of anterior teeth

(does NOT involve incisal edge)

Term
What is the greatest risk of MRSA exposure to humans?
Definition

Other humans

(not common from pets)

Term
What are condyles?
Definition
Part of mandible that connects to temporal bone in skull
Term
How are burs/blocks cleaned?
Definition
Removed and placed in sodium nitrate
Term
How do Hep C symptoms differ from Hep B?
Definition

Same except they are slow onset symptoms

(> 6 months)

Term
What is the important first step in mounting a cast to the articulator?
Definition
Soak the top of the cast for 5 minutes before attaching with mounting stone
Term
What is the only way to prevent HIV in the workplace?
Definition

Standard precautions

(PPE and careful with sharps)

Term
What are non-aureus examples of Staph?
Definition
Staph epidermis - normal skin inhabitant
Term
What is TMJ?
Definition
Temporomandibular joint
Term
what does retrusive mean?
Definition
The mandible slides backward
Term
What does protrusive mean?
Definition
The mandible slides forward
Term
What is the purpose of registration materials?
Definition
The wax, impression compound, bite registration material give you an occlusal registration and provide a platform for the maxillary cast
Term
What are considered clinical contact surfaces?
Definition

Those surfaces that can be directly contaminated from patient materials

 

(spray or splatter - light switch, handle, doorknob, telephone, etc)

Term
T/F:  Cleaning of instruments should precede all sterilization and afterward, instruments should be rinsed 
Definition
True
Term
T/F:  The suction tip should bisect the edge of an anterior tooth
Definition
True
Term
T/F:  HIV is a low risk for DHCP acquisition
Definition
True.  But still dangerous because there is no vaccine/cure
Term
What are two names for a posterior matrix retainer?
Definition

Universal retainer

 

Tofflemire retainer

Term
What methods can secure a mandibular cast to a registration record on an articulator?
Definition
Use sticky wax if cast is completely dry; otherwise use rubber bands
Term
What is VRSA?
Definition
Vancomycin-resistant Staph Aureus
Term
When does back-flow occur in saliva ejectors?
Definition
When pressure in patient's mouth is less than that in the evacuator (when pt. closes lips around tip)
Term
When mounting a cast on an articulator, how should the guide pin be positioned?
Definition
With the rounded end down and tightened at 0 (dark line just visible above member)
Term
Are Hep B and Hep C chronic infections?
Definition
Yes.  Can ONLY prevent Hep B with vaccine
Term
What is the definition of a facebow record?
Definition
a 3D anatomic record relating maxillary teeth to the external auditory meatus
Term
What is considered an environmental surface?
Definition
a surface or equipment that does not contact patients directly
Term
What is an automatrix system?
Definition
alternative to universal retainer; bands are placed, tightened, and loosened without retainer apparatus
Term
What is a Statim?
Definition

an autoclave for smaller items with a pre vacuum that allows for shorter start up time

 

270 degrees, 4-10 min (wrapped)

Takes 45 min overall

Term
What constitutes a Class II lesion?
Definition
an extension of Class I lesions onto the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth
Term
What antibiotic family is staph aureus resistant to?
Definition
beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin family)
Term
What is a non-critical instrument?
Definition

contacts only intact skin

(is effective enough barrier to microorganism)

Term
What is a Class V lesion?
Definition
decay of a smooth surface on anterior and posterior teeth; can be cervical 1/3 of facial/lingual or near CEJ
Term
What is the purpose of the Preparation and Packaging area?
Definition
for inspecting, assembling, and packaging clean instruments in preparation for final processing
Term
What is the largest risk of Hep C transmission?
Definition

hollow bore needles

(dentist use when giving anesthesia)

Term

How long does a light load need to be sterilized?

A heavy load?

Definition

light - 15 min

heavy - 30 min

Term
The larger circumference of a matrix band is positioned on the _____ edge.
Definition
occlusal
Term
What is a Class VI lesion?
Definition

occurs on incisal edge of anterior teeth and cusp tips of posterior teeth

 

rare, caused by enamel defects

Term
What constitutes a Class I lesion?
Definition
pits and grooves of teeth
Term
Where are wedges placed?
Definition
positioned into the lingual embrasure of Class II preps
Term
What is a matrix system?
Definition
provides a temporary wall that helps shape and contour the tooth during a prep
Term
What is active listening?
Definition
responding verbally and nonverbally to another, letting them know you are paying attention
Term
What are early symptoms of HIV?
Definition
similar to flu: fever, headache, tired, enlarged lymph nodes
Term
What are examples of OPIM?
Definition

spinal fluid, semen, breast milk, amniotic fluid, saliva

(has to be contaminated with blood)

Term
What is the glenoid fossae?
Definition
the area of temporal bone that articulates with condyles of mandible
Term
What is the external auditory meatus?
Definition
the ear hole (directly behind TMJ)
Term
What is a semi-critical instrument?
Definition
touches mucous membrane or non-intact skin
Term
What is a critical instrument?
Definition
used to penetrate soft tissue or bone
Term
How soon can waterlines begin to grow bacteria?
Definition
within 5 days of use
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