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Elbow
Elbow
103
Medical
Graduate
03/12/2016

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Cards

Term
3 parts of the elbow jt
Definition
humeroulnar
humeroradial
proximal radioulnar
Term
elbow jt: structural classification
Definition
synovial (hinge)
Term
elbow jt: sagittal movement
Definition
flexion
extension
Term
elbow jt: axial and planar characteristics
Definition
uniaxial and uniplanar
Term
radioulnar jt: structural classification
Definition
proximal (synovial pivot)
middle (syndesmosis)
distal (synovial pivot)
Term
radioulnar jt: transverse plane movemetns
Definition
pronation
supination
Term
radioulnar jt: axial and planar characteristics
Definition
uniaxial and uniplanar characteristics
Term
articulating surfaces of humerus:
Definition
trochlea
trochlear groove
coronoid fossa
capitulum
Term
articulating surfaces of humerus: which is the medial portion and which is the lateral portion. trochlea, trochlear groove
Definition
trochlea is medial
trochlear groove is lateral to the trochlea
Term
articulating surfaces of humerus: what makes up the valgus angulation/carrying angle
Definition
the medial portion of the trochlea sits more distal to the lateral aspect
Term
articulating surfaces of humerus: what sits above the trochlea
Definition
coronoid fossa
Term
articulating surfaces of humerus: the coronoid fossa recieves what
Definition
coronoid process of the ulna
Term
articulating surfaces of humerus: capitulum form parts of what articulation
Definition
humeroradial articulation
Term
articulating surfaces of humerus: what separates the capitulum and the trochlea
Definition
capitilotrochlera groove
Term
articulating surfaces of the proximal ulna/radius:
Definition
trochlear notch trochlear ridge radial head
Term
articulating surfaces of the ulna/radius: trochlear notch and ridge articulate with what
Definition
trochlear groove
Term
articulating surfaces of the ulna/radius: what forms the distal end of the humeroulnar jt
Definition
ulnar coronoid process
Term
articulating surfaces of the ulna/radius: olecranon process extends over what
Definition
the end of the trochlear notch
Term
articulating surfaces of the ulna/radius: radial head: what portion is concave
Definition
the fovea
Term
articulating surfaces of the radius: what area is convex
Definition
convex radial head articulates with the humeral capitilotrochlear groove
Term
articulation of the humeroulnar is considered what motion
Definition
sliding
Term
rules that still apply to the humeroulnar jt despite it being considered a sliding jt
Definition
convex concave
Term
surface contact of the humeroulnar jt occurs between the trochlea and the trochlear notch at what angle
Definition
30-120 degrees
Term
contact of the humeroulnar jt is primarily on the sides of the notch with no....
Definition
loads
Term
surface contact occurs between the trochlea and the center of the trochlear notch 30-120 degrees. what happens to the contact area as load increases
Definition
contact area expands
Term
humeroradial articulation: articulation when in full extension
Definition
no contact
Term
humeroradial articulation: what happens in flexion in terms of contact
Definition
the rim of the radial head slides in the capitilotrochlear groove
Term
elbow stability: common jt characteristic
Definition
has a capsule
Term
elbow stability: the 3 jts of the elbow have...
Definition
a single capsule
Term
elbow stability: characteristics of the elbow capsule
Definition
loose and weak anteriorly to allow for ROM
Term
elbow stability: what are synovial plica
Definition
thickenings in the lining of the capsule
Term
elbow stability: what can synovial plica do (2)
Definition
cause irritaiton and mechanical symptoms
become irritated d/t microtraum and repetition
Term
2 primary ligaments of the elbow
Definition
medial and lateral collateral
Term
elbow stability: 2 parts of the medial collateral ligament
Definition
anterior
posterior
Term
elbow stability: role of the anterior portion of the medial collateral ligament
Definition
primary restraint of valgus stress between 20 and 120 degrees
Term
elbow stability: the anterior portion of the MCl i overlapped by what
Definition
pronator teres and flexor bundle
Term
elbow stability: role of posterior MCL
Definition
limits elbow extension and very mild role in resisting valgus
Term
why is the ulnar collateral ligmanet (MCL) torn?
Definition
high tension stops teh arms backward rotation when throwing
Term
UCL injury is a result of what
Definition
repetitive microtrauma yielding progressively elastic (yield point) to low grade plastic deformation
not a single incident trauma
Term
the lateral collateral ligament is composed of what 3 portions
Definition
Radial
Ulnar
annular
Term
The lateral collateral ligament radial division is what type of articulation
Definition
humeroradial
Term
The lateral collateral ligament radial division resists what force
Definition
varus
Term
The lateral collateral ligament ulnar division provides what support
Definition
lateral support
Term
The lateral collateral ligament ulnar division resists what force
Definition
varus
Term
The lateral collateral ligament annular division provides what support
Definition
lateral
Term
The lateral collateral ligament annular division holds what bony structure
Definition
radial head
Term
describe the pulled elbow injury (nursemaid's)
Definition
head of the radius is removed from the annular ligament of the lateral collateral ligament
Term
The lateral collateral ligament provides overall support against what
Definition
varus
supination torque
Term
the lateral collateral ligament stabilizes what bony structure
Definition
the radial head
Term
The LCL maintains stbility in what direction/motion
Definition
posterolateral rotatory
Term
the LCL secures what bone to the humerus
Definition
ulna
Term
The LCL stops the forearm from rotating off the humerus in what position
Definition
in valgus and supination during flexion from fully extended position
Term
isolated tears in the LCL
Definition
they are rare
Term
injury of the LCL is most common with what
Definition
fracture dislocation
Term
axis of motion for the elbow (2)
Definition
multiple ideas exist
mm activatino may play a role in the instantaneous center of rotation at the humeroulnar jt
Term
what is the long axis carrying angle
Definition
angulation in the frontal plane
Term
what is the purpose of the long axis carrying angle
Definition
functional use of arm with external rotation of shoulder
carrying a bucket without hitting the LE
Term
which gender has a larger carrying angle
Definition
females
Term
why do females have a larger carrying angle
Definition
because of height
Term
bony characteristics of the ulna in regards to shorter people and the carrying angle
Definition
shorter people have a greater proximal ulna angulation and a larger flange of trochlea
Term
Mobility is determined by what 4 facotrs
Definition
type of motion (active/passive)
forearm position
BMI
shoulder position
Term
why does musculature affect ROM in the elbow
Definition
2 jt mmdo not have sufficient length to allow full ROM at both jts crossed
Term
what will limit passive motion of the elbow
Definition
triceps tension (with shoulder flex) will limit elbow flexion
Term
what will limit active motion of the elbow
Definition
biceps contraction to flex shoulder and elbow
torque will diminish with both motions concurrently
Term
Pronation vs Supination ROM, which is greater
Definition
Supination has greater ROM than pronation
Term
how does BMI affect elbow ROm
Definition
soft tissue prevents complete flexion (either fat or muscle)
Term
how does shoulder position affect elbow ROM
Definition
2 jt mm that are at the elbow and the shoulder
Term
Stability of the elbow: when is there articular stability as a result of jt surface configuration
Definition
end range flex and extension
Term
Stability of the elbow: what is the close packed position
Definition
full extension
maximum bony congruence
Term
Stability of the elbow: what provides valgus stability at full extension (5)
Definition
MCL
bony congruence
anterior capsule
Flexor carpi ulnaris
prnoator teres
Term
Stability of the elbow: valgus stability at 90 degrees flexion
Definition
MCL is primary restraint
Term
Stability of the elbow: valgus stability injury clinical notes: must be able to differentiate what conditions
Definition
MCL inury vs flexor/pronator mass tenodnotis
Term
Stability of the elbow: what provides stability against varus forces (2)
Definition
bony congruence
LCL
Term
Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: what muscle at 100 degrees flexion produces the greatest torque
Definition
brachialis
Term
Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: why does biceps moment arm change
Definition
change in position of tendon to axis
Term
Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: where is the biceps moment arm the greatest
Definition
80-100 degrees
Term
Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: what happens to the biceps moment arm outside of 80-100 degrees of flexion
Definition
not as effective outside of this range
Term
Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: brachioradialis peak moment arm
Definition
100-120 degrees
Term
Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: when is brachioradlis most active
Definition
higher speed activity
not eccentric or slow contraction
Term
Muscle Moment Arms: extensors: where do the triceps have the greatest torque producing capacity
Definition
at 90 degrees
Term
Muscle activation patterns are affected by: (7)
Definition
# of jts crossed
type of contraction
speed of motion
resistance
task demand
direction of stress
activity of other mm
Term
Proximal radioulnar jt: is made up of what (5)
Definition
ulnar radial notch
annular ligament
head of radius
humeral capitulum
radial notch
Term
Distal radioulnar jt: is made up of what (3)
Definition
ulnar notch of radius
articular disc
head of ulna
Term
Distal radioulnar jt: articular disc (TFCC) characteristics (3)
Definition
triangular fibrocartilage complex
<.5mm to 3-6 mm
source of injury
Term
Distal radioulnar jt: tfcc injury is typically d/t what
Definition
shearing mechanisms of the distal radioulnar jt and carpals
Term
Forearm interosseous junction: what supports the forearm
Definition
ligamentous support
Term
Forearm interosseous junction: what holds the radial head in opposition
Definition
quadrate ligament
Term
Forearm interosseous junction: function o the oblique cord
Definition
unsure
may assist in holding radius and ulna together
Term
Forearm motion: (2)
Definition
pronation
supination
Term
Forearm motion: where does pronatoin and supination occur from
Definition
the radioulnar jts
Term
Forearm motion: total pronation and supination ROm available
Definition
150 degrees total
Term
Forearm motion: what happens with full elbow extension when you pronate/supinate
Definition
shoulder motion accompanies pro/sup
Term
Forearm motion: what happens during pronation
Definition
radius cross the ulna on top
Term
Forearm motion: what happens during supination
Definition
radius uncross ulna
Term
Forearm motion: what mm trigger supination (2)
Definition
biceps and supinator
Term
What is osteochondritis dessicans (OCD)
Definition
musculoskeletal problem occuring primarily inthe maturing skeleton
Term
OCD: what has increased the awareness and dx of the problem
Definition
increased year round particiatpin in gynamistics and baseball as well as the advent and use of high resolution MRI's
Term
OCD: elbow structures most commonly affected (3)
Definition
trochlea
radial head
olecranon
Term
OCD: populations affected
Definition
upper extremity dominant sports
gymnastics
baseball
softball
javelin throewrs
sports above yield repetetive stress
Term
OCD: repetetive stress sports lead to what early changes
Definition
early changes in the articular cartilage and stress reaction of the subchondral bone
Term
Throwing injury: nn injury
Definition
ulnar neuritis
Term
Throwing injury: what is ulnar neuritis
Definition
irritation of the ulnar nn in the cubital tunnel
Term
Throwing injury: ulnar neuritis in the throwing athlete may occur as a result of what (5)
Definition
valgus stress
adhesions
osteophytes
flexor mm hypterophy
neural subluxation
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