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Elbow Evaluation
Prevention and Care of Athletic Injuries - The Elbow
36
Medical
Undergraduate 3
07/01/2009

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Cards

Term
Joints of the Elbow
Definition
Trochlear, radiohumeral, radioulnar
Term
Anatomy of Radius
Definition
head of radius, radial tuberosity
Term
Anatomy of the Ulna
Definition
coronoid process, semi-lunar notch (fits in trochlea), olecranon process, radial notch (capitellum)
Term
Anatomy of the Humerous
Definition
medial condyle larger than lateral on distal end, trochlea, capitellum, radial fossa
Term
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Definition
supports medial elbow against valgus force, extends from inferior medial epicondyle to coronoid process, 3 parts-anterior, posterior and transverse
Term
Radial Collateral Ligament
Definition
thickened joint area, lateral epicondyle to annular ligament, resists varus forces, maintains relationship between humeral and radial articulating surfaces
Term
Annular Ligament
Definition
allows internal and external rotation of radius and ulna, encircles head of radius and attaches to radial notch of ulna, allows pronation and supination in forearm
Term
Interosseus Membrane
Definition
extends obliquely from radius to ulna, spans distance between proximal and distal radioulnar joints, stabilizes against axial forces applied to wrist
Term
Extensor Muscles Acting on the Elbow
Definition
triceps and anconeus
Term
Flexor Muscles Acting on the Elbow
Definition
Brachialis, biceps brachii (prime mover), brachioradialis, supinator
Term
Supinator Muscles Acting on the Elbow
Definition
Biceps brachii, supinator, brachioradial
Term
Pronator Muscles Acting on Elbow
Definition
pronator teres, pronator quadratus, flexor carpi radialis
Term
Elbow Bursa
Definition
commonly injured by direct blows, subcutaneous olecranon bursa and subtendinous olecranon bursa
Term
Cubital fossa
Definition
anterior aspect of elbow, contains biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery, median nerve, musculocutaneous nerve
Term
Median Nerve
Definition
follows flexor digitorum superficialis down anterior forearm, at wrist becomes superficial (carpal tunnel), supplies most wrist flexors
Term
Radial Nerve
Definition
distal on posterior aspect of humerous, crosses at lateral elbow, 2 branches: superficial and deep
Term
Ulnar Nerve
Definition
olecranon process to medial epicondyle (runs deep with ulnar artery), crosses wrist joint and goes between the hook of Hamate (Tunnel of Guyon)
Term
Gunstock Deformity
Definition
cubital varus (decreased carrying angle), baseball pitchers adapt to repeated valgus stress
Term
Cubital recurvatum
Definition
hyperextension of the elbow
Term
Iscosceles Triangle
Definition
ME, LE, Olecranon process
Term
Carrying Angle
Definition
angle formed between long axis of humerus and ulna 10-15 degrees in women, 5-10 degrees in men, increased angle cubitus valgus, decreased angle cubitus varus
Term
Vokmann's Contracture
Definition
complication of serious elbow injury, signs include ischemia for more than 6-12 hours, tissue necrosis, permanent loss of nerve and muscular function will occur, permanent scar tissue, check cessation of brachial and radial pulse, medical emergency
Term
Olecranon Bursitis
Definition
inflammation of the subcutaneous bursa overlying olecranon process due to repetitive friction or direct trauma, fluid will thicken and become permanent if not treated
Term
Elbow Most Stable In...
Definition
Extension
Term
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprains
Definition
medial aspect, usually traumatic valgus force, anterior band most often injured, by falling on outstretched hand, overhead throwing, could be chronic
Term
Radial Collateral Ligament Sprains
Definition
rare, isolated injuries, result of hyperextension and supination, result of fall on extended elbow, lateral traction forces during extension, annular ligament
Term
Lateral Epicondylitis
Definition
inflammation and irritation of lateral epicondyle (extensor carpi radialis, longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, supinator), results from activities that stress extensors and supinator
Term
Medial Epicondylitis
Definition
golfer's elbow or little league elbow, inflammation or irritation of medial epicondyle, overuse, repetitive activities involving flexion and pronation
Term
Biceps Tendon Strain/Rupture
Definition
rare, usually occur at proximal attachment, by violent eccentric extension force, heavy resistance and weight training, forced hyperextension
Term
Distal Triceps Tendon Strain
Definition
extremely rare, occur with forced flexion during active extension, elbow Dx, or direct blow to posterior elbow
Term
Radial Tunnel Syndrome
Definition
radial nerve compression, usually result of repetitive wrist extension and forearm pronation/supination, resembles lateral epicondylitis
Term
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Definition
ulnar nerve irritation, by traction injury from valgus force, irregularities within tunnel, subluxation of ulnar nerve, signs include claw-hand, pain and paresthesia
Term
Elbow Disloaction/Subluxation
Definition
can occur at any of 3 joints, fall on outstretched hand, severe twist of elbow, direct blow, most common radius and ulna posteriorly
Term
Elbow Fracture
Definition
occur most frequently in children and adolescents (supracondylar fractures), fall on outstretched arm, direct blow
Term
Flexor/Pronator Strains
Definition
forceful snapping of wrist into flexion and pronation, include tennis serve, javelin throw, racquetball forehand
Term
Extensor/Supinator Strains
Definition
forceful wrist extension, eccentric loads forcing wrist into flexion and pronation, associated with backhand strokes, pain with AROM & RROM & passive stretch
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