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| when did short stories emerge? |
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| who developed the short story? |
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| Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne |
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| what literary category does a short story fall under? |
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| what three things does a novel consist of that makes it different from a short story? |
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| more characters involved in the conflict,get to know each character in greater detail, one or more themes that it tries to portray to its reader. |
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| the people or animals that are involved in the action of a story. |
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| character in the story that has the problem.(good guy) |
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| character or thing in the story that is stopping the protagonist from resolving the problem. |
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| character whose personality remains the same throughout the story. |
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| personality drastically changes throughout the story. |
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| the act of creating and developing a character |
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| author comes right out and describes the character's physical traits. |
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| indirect characterization |
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| reader learns/draws conclusions about the character on his/her own in a number of different ways |
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| tells exactly when and where the story takes place. |
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| sequence of events in a story that contains the characters and a conflict |
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| exposition,rising action,climax,resolution,denouncement |
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| introduces setting,characters,makes reader familiar with the situation |
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| a struggle between opposing forces. |
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| main character v.s himself/herself(regret) |
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| main character v.s outside force/standards, expectations. (fight) |
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| four different types of conflict (man v.s) |
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| events/elements leading to the climax of the story. |
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| turning point of the story, highest point |
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| events that lead to the problem of the story being solved. |
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| the solving or end of the conflict |
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| any events that happen after the problem in the story has been solved. |
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| the centeral message that the author is trying to get across to the reader. |
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| two ways an author can portray his/her theme to the reader |
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| can be stated directly or implied. |
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| how many themes can a story have? |
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| anything that stands for or represents something else. |
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| heart,flags,dove,religious symbols |
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| perspective in which the story is told to the reader. |
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| when the character in the story tells the story,uses I. |
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| when the author makes the narrator an outsider who follows along with one character and sees events from that person's perspective. |
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| all knowing outsider who can report any events as well as inner thoughts and feelings of any character.(2 or more) |
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| feeling that is created in the reader by the details in the story. |
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| what establishes the mood in a story? |
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| when the author uses clues to suggest that events are yet to occur. |
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| first step of the writing process. |
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| writing down all your thoughts in journal form. |
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| writing down all your thoughts in your head about a topic in list form. |
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| why do you freewrite/brainstorm? |
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| to connect ideas and help start the paper. |
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| surround your topic with ideas that relate to the topic in a logical fashion using subheadings |
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| why does a writer consider his/her audience? |
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| audience's prior knowledge,choose appropriate vocab and length |
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| the four purposes of writing |
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| expositive, persuasive,descriptive,narrative. |
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| changing the paper up/different word choices and editing |
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| what errors are you looking for when you proof read a paper? |
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| repeated words, run on sentences, different word choice. |
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| spelling,punctuation,capitalization |
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| 12 point font and Times new roman style |
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| should a writer proofread his/her final draft? |
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| 1 to 2 sentences,grab the readers attention |
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| 4 to 6 sentences, background info |
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| 1 sentence,last sentence in intro,what the paper is about |
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| quote to back up your topic sentence |
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| elaborate why you feel that way |
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| conclusion/transition sentence |
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| to smoothly transition the paper |
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| how does the second conclusion sentence differ from the first one? |
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| its ending the points of the paper and not starting any more ideas. |
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| first component of your conclusion paragraph |
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| restate your thesis differently |
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| sum up main points that relates to author's purpose |
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| why are transitional words important? |
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| they help keep the flow of the paper smooth. |
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| person,place,thing or idea |
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| general nouns that are not capitalized |
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| specific nouns that are capitalized |
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| name groups of things/people |
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| a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase |
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| pronouns that refer to yourself,people/things around you |
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| I/me, you, he/him, she/her, it, we/us, they/them |
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| possessive personal pronouns |
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| my/mine, your/yours, his/her/hers, its, ours/our, their/theirs |
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| personal pronouns that end in "self" or "selves" and that also state that someone/something is performing an action to, for,or upon itself |
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| personal pronoun that ends in"self" or "selves" that simply add emphasis to the noun or pronoun in the sentence. |
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| do not refer to a specific person/thing and usually don't have a specific antecedent |
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| pronouns that help specify one of many different people, places, things ad they also direct your attention to specific people, places, things |
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| singular demonstrative pronouns |
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| plural demonstrative pronouns |
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| a verb that tells what action someone/something is performing |
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| a word that conveys an action or a state of being |
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| a verb that connects a word at/near the beginning of a sentence with a word at/near the end of a sentence |
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| auxilary verbs can be added to another verb to make a single verb phrase. |
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| a word that describes a noun or pronoun. |
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| a word that describes a verb,adjective,or another adverb |
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| 3 adjectives are articles "a',"an" and "the" |
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| a sword that shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word in a sentence. |
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| a personal pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number and gender |
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| use a plural personal pronoun to refer to two or more plural antecedents that are joined by "and" |
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| use a singular personal pronoun to refer to two or more plural antecedents that are joined by or, or nor |
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| a plural pronoun is used with two or more plural antecedent are joined by or or nor |
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| when a singular antecedent and a plural antecedent are joined by or or nor use a pronoun that agrees with the nearer antecedent |
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| when gender is not specified, use both masculine and feminine personal pronouns |
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| watch out for shifts in pronoun agreements |
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| a personal/possessive pronoun should always refer to only one antecedent. |
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| what are the two things every short story must have? |
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| relate the lessons to today/ to your readers without using you. |
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