Shared Flashcard Set

Details

EKG
EKG Review
68
Other
Professional
03/01/2016

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Name leads which represent an lateral wall AMI?
Definition

V5

V6

I

AvL

Term
Name leads which represent an anterior AMI?
Definition

V3

V4

Term
Name leads which represent a septal AMI?
Definition

V1

V2

Term
Name leads which represent an inferior AMI?
Definition

II

III

AvF

Term
What does a finding of S1Q3T3 on a 12 lead EKG suggest?
Definition

Pulmonary embolism

 

Term
What do diffuse ST elevations on a 12 lead EKG suggest?
Definition

Pericarditis

 

Term
What is the first line medication for a patient with SVT from WPW?
Definition

Procainamide

 

Term
What is the first line medication used in the treatment of Torsades?
Definition

IV magnesium

 

Term
What arrhythmia is associated with the use of medications and sudden death?
Definition

Long QT syndrome

 

Term
What do PVCs which increase in frequency with exertion represent?
Definition

Cardiac ischemia

 

Term
What is the treatment for LBBB or RBBB?
Definition

No treatment

- They are signs of an underlying condition

Term

Chest pain plus a new LBBB

(Left Bundle Branch Block) = ?

Definition

An acute heart attack until proven otherwise

 

Term
First line treatment for ventricular fibrillation?
Definition

Unsynchronized cardioversion

 

Term
First line treatment for ventricular tachycardia without a pulse?
Definition

Unsynchronized cardioversion

 

Term
First line treatment for ventricular tachycardia with a pulse?
Definition

Synchronized cardioversion

 

Term
For a patient with a stable SVT at 220 bpm what are the first and second line treatments?
Definition

Vagal maneuvers first

then adenosine if vagal fails

Term
Untreated ventricular tachycardia progresses into what rhythm?
Definition

Ventricular fibrillation

 

Term
Three PVCs in a row =?
Definition

Ventricular tachycardia

 

Term
Three PACs in a row =?
Definition

PSVT

(AKA SVT or PAT)

 

Term
Which of the two 2nd degree heart blocks almost always becomes 3rd degree heart block?
Definition

2nd degree

Type 2

Term
What is treatment for 2nd degree type 1 heart block?
Definition

Observation

(pacer only if symptomatic)

Term
What is treatment for 3rd degree heart block?
Definition

Pacemaker

 

Term
What heart block has no association of P waves and QRS complexes?
Definition

Third Degree

 

Term
What heart block has a long PR interval and never drops a QRS?
Definition

First degree

 

Term
What heart block gets longer and longer PR then drops a beat?
Definition

2nd degree type 1

 

Term
What valvular disorder when combined with atrial fibrillation has highest risk of embolization?
Definition

Mitral stenosis

 

Term
What conditions does a patient with atrial fibrillation have an increase risk of?
Definition

- Stroke

- ischemic limb

- ischemic bowel

Term
What is the treatment for valvular heart disease + atrial fibrillation?
Definition

Warfarin

 

Term
What is the treatment for a patient with atrial fibrillation and a CHADS 2 score of a 0?
Definition

Aspirin

 

Term
What scoring system is used to determine anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Definition

CHADS2

 

Term
What is the treatment for symptomatic unstable SVT?
Definition

Synchronized cardioversion

 

Term
What duration is a normal QRS?
Definition

Less than 0.12 seconds

 

Term
What has a short less than 0.10 sec PRI and delta wave?
Definition

WPW

(Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome)

Term
What is the PR interval over in first degree block?
Definition

Over 0.2 seconds

(Normal is 0.12 to 0.2 seconds)

Term
What is the rate for sinus tachycardia?
Definition

Over 100 bpm

but less than 150

Term
What is the rate for normal sinus rhythm?
Definition

60 - 100

 

Term
What is the rate for bradycardia?
Definition

Less than 60 bpm

 

Term
What electrolyte abnormality is associated with flattening of the T waves?
Definition

Hypokalemia

 

Term
What electrolyte abnormality is associated with a prolonged PR interval and a widened QRS complex?
Definition

Hypermagnesemia

 

Term
What electrolyte abnormality is associated with long QT?
Definition

Hypocalcemia

 

Term
A patient presents post URI with chest pain which is worse when he lays down. EKG shows diffuse ST elevations in all leads. What is your suspected diagnosis?
Definition

Pericaritis

 

Term
A 69 year old male dialysis patient is found on 12 lead ECG to have peaked T waves in all leads. What is the most likely electrolyte abnormality?
Definition

Hyperkalemia

 

Term
How does the pharmacological management of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia differ from that of Torsades do Pointes?
Definition

In Torsades, magnesium is used first line before amiodarone or lidocaine

 

Term
Which antiarrhythmic medications can be used for a patient in ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation?
Definition

Amiodarone or lidocaine

 

Term
A 54 year old in ventricular tachycardia, has a BP of 82/44 mmHg. What settings are appropriate for cardioversion of this patient?
Definition

Synchronized cardioversion

 

Term
What medication class may be used to prevent arrhythmic events in a patient who has non-acquired long QT syndrome?
Definition

Beta blockers

 

Term
What counseling must be given to a patient once they are diagnosed with non-acquired long QT syndrome?
Definition

The patient's family must be screened for long QT as well

 

Term

A 76 year old who was recently started on levofloxacin, suffers a cardiac arrest. What may likely be found on further evaluation of her ECG?

 

Definition

Long QT

 

Term
What is the most common accessory pathway in Wolff-Parkinson- White syndrome (WPW)?
Definition

The bundle of Kent

 

Term
What medication is indicated for emergent treatment of tachyarrhythmia in a patient with diagnosed Wolff-Parkinson- White syndrome (WPW)?
Definition

Procainamide

 

Term
Direct thrombin inhibitors can not be used for anticoagulation of atrial fibrillation if the patient also has which disorder?
Definition

Valvular heart disease

 

Term
A 69 year old male with a history of mitral regurgitation has developed atrial fibrillation. Should he be placed on anticoagulation?
Definition

All patients with valvular heart disease + atrial fibrillation need to be anticoagulated

 

Term
Should a solitary episode of atrial fibrillation in a healthy 34 year old require anticoagulation?
Definition

CHADS2 score is 0

- Patient is to be sent home on aspirin only

 

Term

A stable 67 year old patient presents in atrial fibrillation but is unsure of any prior cardiac history.

Should you cardiovert this patient?

Definition

No.

1) Medical treatment before cardioversion in stable patients

2) Unknown time of atrial fibrillation would anticoagulate prior

Term
What is the dosing protocol for adenosine and what must you ensure regarding the IV access prior to administering the adenosine?
Definition

Adenosine 6 mg,

if no change then 12mg,

if no change then second dose of 12mg

- Give through a large bore IV followed by rapid saline bolus

 

Term
What is the first line treatment for a stable patient who is in a supraventricular tachycardia?
Definition

Vagal maneuvers

(No carotid sinus massage in elderly)

Term
A 48 year old patient has chest pain. Comparison of his 12 lead ECG to past tracings finds a new left bundle branch block. What is this finding consistent with?
Definition

New myocardial infarction

 

Term
Although right bundle branch blocks are not pathological in and of themselves, what underlying pathology may they represent?
Definition

- Pulmonary embolus

- ASD

- Heart attack

Term
nurse notes that a patient is having frequent premature atrial contractions (PACs), but is asymptomatic. What is your next step?
Definition

Check O2 saturation and electrolytes

 

Term
Does second degree type I or type II more likely represent an significant underlying pathology?
Definition

Second degree type II

 

Term
What is the recommended treatment for a patient in a second degree type I heart block with a blood pressure of 74/40 mmHg and chest pain?
Definition

Pacing

- Rule out acute underlying ischemic pathology

Term

Which of the following medications is the most likely to cause bradycardia?

Furosemide- Metoprolol - Amlodipine

Definition

Metoprolol

(beta blocker)

Term

An 83 year old has a blood pressure of 90/58 mmHg and a heart rate of 132 bpm fever and a + UA.

Should you use rate controlling medication?

Definition

No

- The patient's tachycardia is reactive from her urosepsis and fever

Term
What is the most common cause of sinus tachycardia?
Definition

Underlying non-cardiac pathology

(sepsis, anemia, hyperthyroid state etc.)

Term
You count 12 QRS complexes across the entire length of a 12 lead ECG. What is the approximate heart rate?
Definition

72 bpm - 10 seconds X 6 = 60 seconds/1 minute - 12 beats X 6 = 72 beats per minute

 

Term
How many seconds are represented across the entire length of a 12 lead ECG?
Definition

10 seconds

 

Term
While undergoing a stress test a patient's heart rate is 180 bpm and he is breathing heavily. What is the likely reason for his tachycardia?
Definition

Normal physiologic response to exercise

 

Term
A 45 year old marathon runner presents to the office with a resting heart rate of 42 bpm. He is stable. What is your recommendation?
Definition

No treatment

 

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