Term
What are some key questions for the future? |
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Definition
- Where will the next new emerging disease come from?
- How do we apply vaccines effectively?
- Why are some pathogens highly virulent?
- Can we identify super spreaders?
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Term
Key Quesions for Biologists? |
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Definition
- Are parasites important in regulating free-living populations?
- Should we consider parasites part of biodiversity?
- Is wildlife an important disease resovoir?
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Term
| Questions that deal with Animals and infectious diseases |
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Definition
- Do wild animal diseases provide a good model for humans?
- Should we reduce animal suffering
- Should we use parasites as biologocal control agents?
- Should we reduce parasites in animals released from captivity?
- Have parasites a conservation value?
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Term
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Definition
- Population dynamics of all infectious diseases(looser definition, not just human diseases)
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Term
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Definition
| The population biology of all other animal diseases, besides human (rarely used) |
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Term
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Definition
| Now usually called macroparasites, used to be used for worms, fleas, ticks, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Now called microparasites, traditionally used for viruses and bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
Debilitating symptoms caused by parasites.
Often incorrectly used to refer to the agent that causses the disease.
However, infected individuals may not always show symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of a pathogen in a host where it may or maynot cause disease. |
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Term
| Pathogenicity/Virulence/Infectiousness |
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Definition
| The extent which a parasite causes disease in its host. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in parasite abundance in space and time |
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Term
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Definition
| A rapid rise in the prevalence or intensity of parasites in humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid rise in the prevalence or intensity of parasites in animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Little variation in the prevalence of infection in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| Porportion of the host population infected or showing disease syptoms. (usually expressed as a %) |
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Term
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Definition
| The frequency of new occurences of a disease w/in a defined time interval. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Percentage carrying parasites |
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage showing aquired immunity (i.e. % with an aquired immunity) |
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Term
| Intensity (definition: 2-parts) |
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Definition
Mean number of parasites within infected members of host
Mean number of parasites within all hosts (alternatively used to abundances) |
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Term
| What is Intensity determined by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Exposure Determined by? |
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Definition
Density of infective stages
Density of hosts |
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Term
| Susceptibility determied by |
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Definition
| Innate resistance and Aquired resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Extent to which a parasite causes disease in its host |
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Term
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Definition
The case mortality rate of parasite deaths/infected hosts
The extent to which a pathogen harms its hosts |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to combat disease due to the presence of antibodies or activated cells |
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Term
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Definition
Adaptive (aquired)
Innate
Artificial |
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Term
| Adaptive (Aquired) Immunity |
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Definition
| Develops following infection (specfic to strain) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Generated from vaccination |
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Term
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Definition
- The organism must be detectable at every stage of the disease
- The organism must be isolated and grown in culture
- Susceptible animals must be reinfected and show similar characteristics
- Organism must be reisolated
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Term
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Definition
- identified pathogens as causitive agents of disease (esp TB)
- developed staining techniques for bacteria
- Set out criteria for judging when an organism is cause of disease
- 1905 Nobel prize
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Term
| Describe how disease is a dynamic interaction of host, pathogen, and environment. |
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Definition
- Pathogen-host:tissue tropism, pathogenicity, immue response, specificity,
- Host-Environment: nutrition, social status
- Pathogen-Environment: survival, spatial connection, infectious period, selection
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