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- Regeant for Thutmose iii, coking for 22 years 1479-1458 BC
- Daughter of thutmose i and wife of ii
- God wife of Amen, excited god
- Thutmose not her son, Isis is mom
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- The Temple of Karnak, great state temple still around, worked outwards, innermost chamber from middle kingdom
- Temple to Amun, becomes major god in NK, used all the way to the Tullomaek period, each pharoh adds on, modular plan, long causeway w/ open courtyards lined w/ half human animal statues
- Earlier temples on location= sacred site, precinct of Amen-Re, precinct of Montu, 7 gateways, chambers get smaller w/ altar and statue at center, temple has precinct, open courts walled in. Temple + backyard
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- Entrance to temple of Karnak
- High walls, sloping walls, slots for flags, walls marked w/ images, reliefs, and hieroglyphs, can't see in from walls
- Guardian sphynxes lining entrance, older ones buried to redo temple in pharohs image, ram and human headed sphynxes
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Definition
- Great Hypostyle hall
- Flower capitals on corrider pillars w/ higher roof, bud capitals on rest of room w/ lower roof
- Windows between high roof and lower roof called clerestory, dark w/ roof, columns brightly painted
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- View of harsh nature in hypostyle hall, in semi darkness, thought to recall prymordial marsh
- Innermost part dark, related to birth of man
- As you go in existence of myth, how egypt came to exist and be favored by the gods
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| State temples of New Kingdom |
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Definition
- Pattern of NK, large scale, massive pylons, entrance towards river, open courts, roofed halls, on axis
- Room for cult statue, endowed with important cosmic symbolism, ordered world
- englarged with pylon, linked walls, enclosed areas could be roofed, left oen to sky, lined with columns (peristyle court) or filled with columns and roofed (hypostyle), pylon sperated chaotic conditions in outside world from internal order
- symbolism of mound of creation (sanctuary), watery swamp (hypostyle), diety rests in cult statue as creator, shrine and cult image at most elevated and dark point of the temple= mound of creation
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- 1400 BC, Amenhotep iii
- For Amen Mut Khons
- Narrows, hypostyle, changed over time
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- 8th pylon of Hatshepsut
- holes for banners
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- Red quartzite bark chapel, 1450/1460 BC
- Disassembled by Thutmose iii,
- Less hierogylphs, no windows, contained sacred boat
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Term
| Hatshepsut- Foremost of Noble Ladies |
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Definition
- Ruled 1479-1458 BC 18th Dynasty
- Coregent w/ step son/ Nephew Thutmose iii, after death of husband Thutmose ii
- buried in KV20, possibly earliest royal tomb in the valley of the kings, suffered damnatio memoriue (removal of image
- portraits fem->masc, most statues come from funerary temple at Deir El-Bahri, not first coregent, but first to take power/ stay longer
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- Seated Hatshepsut, limestone, Circa 1460
- Sharper nose, masculine features, no ceremonial beard, rounder face
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- Hatshepsut as a sphinx, painted pink granite, circa 1460
- ceremonial beard
- lions mane, paint on eyes, fuller lips, masculine
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- Striding Hatshepsut, circa 1460, pink granite
- Short kilt= masculine
- legs striding= masculine
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- Face of Hatshepsut, Circa 1460
- less rounded
- ceremonial beard
- painted
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- Kneeling statue of Hatshepsut, circa 1460 BC, pink granite
- Offering bowls of wine, ceremonial beard, nemeis headdress
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- Funerary temple of Hatsheptsut, circa 1460
- Deir El-Bahri
- Architect= Senenmut (lover?)
- Uses natural height of cliffs for super structure
- Simple axial, repetative forms, chambers cut into cliffs
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- Floor plan Hatshepsut temple
- 2 open courts, faced w/ columnades, lower/middle
- sphynxes on ramps, evidence of greenery, middle columnades show expedition to punt (mythical place of gold in Sudan) and divine birth of Hatshepsut and her Ka
- Hathor/Anubis shrines, upper columnade w/ upper court, cult chapel to Hatshepsut and her father Thutmose I, sun court, and inner shrine
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Definition
- Expedition to Punt, Hatshepsut funerary temple
- warriors, men carrying trees, animals on leashes, equipment,
- Queen of Punt, not idealized, heavy form
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- Colossal statue of Akhenaten from Karnak, Circa 1350 BC, Sandstone
- Same: Nemesis headdress, ureaus serpent, ceremonial beard, arms crossed, holding crook and flail
- Different: Very narrow face, engraved lines/folded face around mouth, thin face, very large lips, face droops, elongated nose, larger nostrils, eyes thinner, long ears
- Why: More realistic, did art change as a whole? Check context over time, check mummy to see if this is idealized form or realistic view of his face
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Definition
- Colossal statue of Akhenaten w/ body, circa 1350 Bc, sandstone
- Swollen belly/hips, belly protudes over kilt, waist band pushed down by belly, fabric pulled tight, long arms, thin arms, thin torso, double crowns of upper/lower egypt
- Marphan syndrome? New Aesthetic? Feminine?
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- Heads of daughters of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, circa 1340 BCE, Quartzite
- Alien looking, long back of head, oval face, almond eyes, sunken eyebrows
- fragment of body, whole
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- Steka from house shrine- Akhenaten and Nefertit w/ 3 daughters, Circa 1345 BCE, limestone
- small stools, babies look like dolls or mini adults, elongated heads, Aten central, all have little stomachs, marsh under one stool, weird: normal formal statues, this one= image of home, hierarchal scale, nefertiti almost as big, suggests maybe garden party, not usually home imags, New, found at works home
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Definition
- Torso of Nefertiti, 1345 BC, Quartzite
- Question of nudity, only for the weakest,
- lines of dress
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- Akhenaten and Nefertiti, circa 1345 BC, Painted Limestone
- Comes from lower class house, citizens would have images of the ruler
- Sagging belly, rounder face, softer features, softer muscles
- Nefertiti w/ blue crown
- Both striding HOS
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- Bust of nefertiti from sculptor studio at Amarna, circa 1340 BC, Painted Limestone
- Egypt archaeologist wanted it back until fall of Mubark, Amarna- halfway between thebes and memphis
- Nefertiti= beautiful one is here
- face elongated, pointed chin, headdress longer than head, long neck, lady of two lands, no female deity to compare to Aten, she probs fills greater religious role
- Missing one eye, only suppose to be model, only see right side,
- beautifully adorned
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- Meritamun, daughter of Ram 2 and nefertari
- Hair, crown, neck piece, head band w/ ureus and sun disk and cobras, large earrings
- Lips pursed, rounded cheeks, large almond eyes, wearing dress, rosette on breast, holding staff, head in profile
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- Wig found near Amenemhet's tomb at Lisht, wooden statue head, full lips, almond eyes, oval face
- gold adornment on black wig, wig made of wood? Middle kingdom
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| Relief- Worship of Hathor |
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Definition
- Elongated Brow, Cosmetic line, flowers in hair, lotus on head, carrying animal, straight hair-> wig
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- Women guests at a banquet, Theban tomb of Vizier Rekhamire
- Only women, white tight dress, staff= slightly smaller, elite= bigger and kneeling, staff are getting them dressed , offering drinks and food
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- Tomb of Nebamun- Women Musicians
- 18th Dynasty
- Full frontal, hair= wild, skin= dark, scented candles or scented fat cones on heads, frontal arms
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- Looks like temple, like living gods
- throne room not axial
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- KV62, Tomb of Tutankhamun, Discovered 11/4/1922 under Ramses VI, 1327 BC, dug by Howard Carter, funded by Lord Carnarvon, took 8 years, open1923, Hiatus from 1924 to 1925,
- Staircase, descending corridor, found empty, other tombs had materials
- Antechamber, undecorated, over 700 artifacts, 4 dismantled chariots, 3 beds
- Burial chamber, painted scenes of funerary rites, gilded wooden shrines w/ Sarcophogi
- Annex, Over 3,000 artifacts, 400 shabtis (servants), ivory headdress, boats, baskets
- Treasure room, Mummified fetuses (his)
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- Tutankhamun's coffin, 1327 BC
- Outermost= gilded wood
- Sarcophagus made of granite
- 3 coffins within
- Innermost= gold over 100 KG, Lapis Luzili, semi precious stones
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- Tutankhamun's golden throne, 1335 BC, chair covered w/ gold
- image of tut w/ wife, bodies similar to Akhenaten
- Clothes pushed down, elongated neck, sun of Aten, ostrich feathers behidn head
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- Tutankhamun's painted chest, 1330, wood w/ ebony and ivory
- depicts Tut on chariot at war on side
- Tut on chariot hunting on top
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- Abu Simbel 1250 BC, Ramses II, overcompensated
- Colosal Cliff carved temples, reassembled on higher ground because of dam
- Statues striding= 69 feet tall
- seated = 70 feet tall
- So much building, recarved statues of earlier pharohs
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- Ramses II in Chariot, Battle of Qadesh
- Large, billboard size
- Colossal scale
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- Kushite kingdom statue
- Still has Nemesis headdress, slightly wider lips, loarger eyes
- take over 667-665ish, last 70 years, taken by Assyrians
- Build smaller temples with weird columns
- Tombs= small pyramids w/ steep walls
- Adopted some writing forms
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- Coins of Cleopatra, 40 BC
- First ptolemaic queen to mint own coins, firm profile, sharp nose, mouth open, large eyes, head band, hair style in rows.
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- Alexander Statue
- Head and neck turned
- lips parted, eyes wide looking outward
- Hair curly/ short/ wavy like a lion
- mix of Greek and Egyptian art
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- Bust of Ptolemaic queen
- eyes would have been something else
- Head Band
- Cleopatra?
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- Cleopatra statue
- Used egyptian instead of Grecian style
- Knew Egypt, interested in Egyptian religion
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- Bust of Cleopatra
- Bland features, average size eyes, head band, slim face, nose
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- Cleopatra head in Berlin
- Traces of reddish brown on hair
- Bun on back
- Royal band, large nose, almond eyes
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- Cleopatra head in Britain
- Probably not her
- Large bun in back
- Flat head, no headband
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- Bust of Egyptian queen as Isis
- Vulture headdress, Cleopatra as Isis (maybe)
- Attractive face, soft features
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