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| This was the soul of the individual. It kept close contact with the family of the dead person. Head of a man and body of a bird. |
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| Rich in substances such as minerals and nutrients plants need in order to grow. |
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| This area of desert protected Egypt from foreign attacks. These lands were not friendly to human life. They were useless for farming and were located in UPPER Egypt. |
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| On the way to the afterlife, the dead person was first asked a series of questions by 14 judges regarding how good or bad a life they had led. |
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| The term for the ancient Egyptian ruler. He had absolute power! The Egyptians believed that their Kings became GODS upon death. |
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| The falcon God of the sky. He led the dead person to the afterlife as seen in the picture of the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony. |
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| The monstrous heart eater who devoured the hearts of the wicked and unworthy during the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony. |
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| This was the basic building material used to construct the pyramids. |
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| God of Mummification. This god had the head of a jackal. |
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| This term means well proportioned; exact agreement in size, shape and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a line or plane. |
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| The most impressive pyramid of all and the largest was built by the pharaoh Khufu and is located in the Egyptian city of Giza. |
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| Located in Egypt, it is the longest river in the world consisting of two parts, the WHITE and BLUE. |
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| The invisible twin of the dead person. It traveled from the dead persons body, back and forth to the afterlife. |
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| A special religious Egyptian book containing the answers to magical spells the dead person needed for the journey to the afterlife. |
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| The Weighing of the Heart Ceremony |
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| During this ceremony, the dead persons heart was weighed on a set of scales against that of a feather to see if the persons heart was heavy with the burdens of a bad life or light as a feather...in other words, free of a life of bad or evil. |
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| The Egyptian God of wisdom and writing. He had the head of an Ibis (bird). |
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Area of land found in LOWER Egypt.
The soil left by the Nile's floods was very dark and filled with minerals, and so it was also called the Black Land. |
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| The continent on which Egypt is located. |
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| In this theory, large round wooden rollers are positioned underneath the massive blocks of stone. Afterwards, these long wooden rollers are interchanged one after the other (row by row), while at the same time pulling on the attached rope. The problem with this theory is that wood was in short supply and that this would only work on a hard flat surface. |
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| Placed inside the wrappings of the mummy, these special charms were said to protect the dead person in the afterlife. |
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| An ancient Egyptian burial process in which all of the internal organs were removed, except the heart,in order to prevent the body from decomposing. The body was covered with Natron (a drying salt) and took more than 40 days to complete. |
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| This was used during the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony. If the dead person led a good/moral life than the heart would be free of burden...and thus be as light as a feather. This would help ensure an afterlife. |
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| This enormous stone statue was positioned in front of The Great Pyramid of Giza and was said to be its' guardian or protector. |
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| According to this theory, the gigantic blocks used to form the pyramid were made from a mixture of mud and clay. The workers used baskets to transport the materials to and from the site. The problem with this theory was that if the blocked were poured into place, why were their gaps in between the blocks and why were their also tool marks on the blocks themselves. |
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| These FOUR jars contained the internal organs of the dead person: the intestines, lungs, stomach and liver. |
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| The body of water into which the Nile River empties into. |
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| A chemical drying preservative or salt used during the mummification process to dry-out the insides of the mummy. |
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| Term used to describe the importance of the Nile River to the ancient Egyptians. Without the yearly flood, bringing fertile soil to a country of 96% desert...their would not have been an ancient EGYPT. |
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Located in LOWER EGYPT, this was the very fertile land at the mouth of the Nile River,
located in LOWER Egypt. It was shaped like a three cornered Greek letter turned upside down. |
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| To the ancient Egyptians, the triangular shape of the pyramid had religious meaning. It pointed to the heavens and served as a ladder or staircase to their gods. |
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| An ancient Egyptian type of picture writing in which some characters stood for ideas or things and others stood for sounds. |
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| This theory says that the ancient Egyptians constructed roads made of clay, into which they imbedded long wooden railroad ties. Afterwards, the huge block was positioned on top of a wooden transport, of which they would pull. The trick to this theory was to pour water onto the wooden railroad ties before beginning to pull on the cord to avoid friction. This would ensure that the surface was as slippery as a bar of soap. |
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| This was the ancient Egyptians idea of HEAVEN. They imagined it was like the life they had left behind, but free of all troubles. |
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| The official Egyptian High Priest in charge of the mummification process. |
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| The Brain (as it relates to mummification) |
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| The first step in the mummification process was the removal of the brain through the nose. The brain was removed because they thought that it served no purpose and if not removed, would further decay the body of the deceased. |
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| Ancient Egyptian PYRAMID building tools were made of this material. |
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| Only the mummified bodies of the RICH could be placed in these elaborate stone coffins. |
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| The preserved body of the dead person. According to religious beliefs, the soul would leave the dead body, but return to it to receive food offerings. The preserved appearance of the body allowed it to be recognized by the person's spirit and help ensure an afterlife. |
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| Cloth material used by the Egyptians to wrap the dead person into a mummy. Often times several miles of LINEN was used. |
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| A fine soil filled with minerals and nutrients found at the bottom of the Nile River in the DELTA region. |
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| This area of land is also known as the RED LAND because it is mostly made up of Egyptian desert and is not suitable for farming. |
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| Area at the mouth of the Nile River, by the DELTA. This region is called KEMMIT or the Black Land because of the darkness of the soil. This area was perfect for planting because of the soils richness in minerals and suitability for farming. |
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| This theory claims that very long roads were made in order to transport the gigantic blocks of stone to the site. The problem with this theory is that the road leading to the pyramid would have had to be more than a mile long in order to accommodate the height of the pyramid. The creation of this road would have been an even bigger task than the building of the pyramid itself. |
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| This theory says that the ancient Egyptians used wooden planks and the levering technique in order to lift or shift the weight of the enormous blocks to the desired levels of the pyramid. The instability of the blocks, as the pyramid grew, made this theory very dangerous to use, in addition to wood being in short supply. |
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| One of the 7 characteristics of a civilization involving the buying and selling of goods and services in large amounts between groups of people. |
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| Development of Government |
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| One of the 7 characteristics of a civilization. Through the development of laws and regulations, government gave people a feeling of safety and security. It also provided infrastructure to the cities such as sanitation systems, drinking wells, government buildings etc... |
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| Keeping of Written Records |
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| One of the 7 characteristics of a civilization which allows us to archive (save and store) the events of the past in order to study and learn from them. |
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| One of the most important of the 7 characteristics of a civilization. It provides an economic and social environment for people to live and grow as a society. People living TOGETHER to make life easier for all. |
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| The Development of Specialized Skills and Jobs |
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| One of the 7 characteristics of a civilization in which people work "smarter not harder" by doing what they are BEST at in order to make life easier for all. |
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| The Heart (as it relates to mummification) |
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| Viewed as the "seat of all wisdom", the moral compass of the deceased. It was the only organ left inside the body during the mummification process because it was needed for the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony. |
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| One of the SIX reasons why the Nile was so important to the ancient Egyptians. A parasite called the Guinea Worm was contracted by the Egyptians by drinking contaminated water. The disease was spread when a person came in contact with the infected water, where the worm laid its eggs. Once inside the body, the Guinea Worm would eat away at the persons internal organs. |
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| Water for bathing/cleaning clothes |
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| One of the SIX reasons why the Nile was so important to the ancient Egyptians. The Egyptians depended upon the Nile for one of life’s basic necessities…cleanliness. This posed an everyday challenge to the Egyptians as venomous snakes, aggressive hippopotami, enormous crocodiles and lethal scorpions made their homes along the banks of the Nile corridor,thus making this simple task a very fearful one. |
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One of the SIX reasons why the Nile was so important to the ancient Egyptians. The river would flood once a year, bringing fertile soil, life giving resources to the desert.
It was the Nile river which enabled the ancient Egyptian civilization to become what it was – one of the greatest of ancient civilizations. Without it their would have been be no ancient Egypt! The ancient Egyptians lives depended upon the fertile black soil brought to them by the river and it was around the Nile that their lives focused. |
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| Lord of the living and the Dead. |
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| The Egyptians religious idea of life after death. |
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| An early form of paper, invented by the Egyptians, made from the reed found in the marshy areas of the Nile Delta. |
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| An important archaeological find in 1799 which helped decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics. |
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| The staple (main) food for Egyptian Pyramid builders. |
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| Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic nameplate or seal. Only Egyptian royalty or the wealthy had this. |
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| The Ram God. The giver of life. |
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| Egyptian God of the Nile River. |
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| The outer part of the pyramid that gave it the smooth and shiny look. |
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