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egans Fundamentals of Respiratory Care
chapter 6
41
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01/19/2013

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Term
absolute humidity
Definition
actual mass or content of water in a measured volume of air, usually expressed in grams per cubic meter or pounds
Term
adhesion
Definition
band of scar tissue that binds anatomic surfaces that normally are separate from each other.  Adhesions most commonly form in the abdomen after abdominal surgery, inflammation or injury
Term
ATPS
Definition
abbreviation for ambient terperture, ambient pressure, saturated (with water vapor)
Term
BTPS
Definition
abbreviation for body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated (with water vapor)
Term
Coanda effect
Definition
phenomenon in hydrodynamics whereby a fluid in motion may be attracted or held to a wall
Term
Cohesion
Definition
attractive force between like molecules
Term
condensation
Definition
change of state from gas to liquid, as with water vapor condensation
Term
conduction
Definition
transfer of heat by the direct interaction of atoms or molecules in a hot area that contact atoms or molecules in a cooler area
Term
convection
Definition
hat transfer through the mixing of fluid molecules at different temperature states via thermal currents
Term
critical pressure
Definition
pressure exerted by a vapor in an evacuated container at its crital temperature
Term
Dalton's law
Definition
in physics, law stating that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gasses is equal to the sum of the pressures exerted  by the individual gasses if they were presented alone in the container
Term
dew point
Definition
temperature at which water vapor condenses back to its liquid 
Term
evaporation
Definition
change in stat of a substance from liquid to gaseous form occurring below its boiling point
Term
flow resistance
Definition
difference in pressure between the two points along a tube, devided by the actual flow
Term
fluid entrainment
Definition
use of the bernoulli effect to draw a second fluid into a stream of flow
Term
Graham's law
Definition
law stating that the rate of diffusion of a gas through a liquid (or the alveolarcapillary memebrane) is  directly proportional to its solubility coefficient and inversely propoertional to the square root of its density
Term
Henry's Law
Definition
in physics, law stating that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas if the temperature is constant and if the gas does not chemically react with the liquid
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
energy a body possess by virtue of its motion
Term
laminar flow
Definition
pattern of flow consisting of concentric layers of fluid flowing parallel to the tube wall at linear velocities that increase toward the center
Term
Laplace's Law
Definition
principle of physics that the tension on the wall of a sphere is the product of the pressure times the radius of the chamber, and the tension is iversely related to the thickness of the wall
Term
Latent heat of fusion
Definition
the amount of heat at the substances melting point required to change 1g of the substance from a solid to a liquid
Term
latent heat of vaporization 
Definition
the amount of heat at a substances boing point required to change 1g of substance  from a liquid to a gas
Term
law of continuation
Definition
velocity of a fluid moving through a tube and constant flow varies inversely wtith the available cross sectional area
Term
Laws of thermodynamics
Definition
laws that describe the relation between tmeperature and the kinetics of matter changing its state
Term
melting point
Definition
characteristic temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a substance are in equilibrium
Term

Pascal's principle

 

Definition
law stating that a confined liquid transmitts pressure equally in all directions
Term
potential energy
Definition
energy contained in a body as a result of its position in space, internal sturcture and stresses imposed on it
Term
radiation therapy
Definition
treatment of neoplastic disease by using x-rays or gamma rays, usually from a cobat source, to deter the proliferation of malignant cells by decreasieng the rate of mitosis or impairing doxyribonucleaic acit synthesis
Term
relative humidity (RH)
Definition
amount of moisture in the air compared with  the maximum the air could contain at the same temperature
Term
Reynold's number 
Definition
a dimensionless number used to determin if flow is laminar or turbulen.  if the reynold's number is above 2000 flow is turbulent.  it is determined by mutiplying the diamter of the systme by the velocity of gas flow times the denisty of the gas dived by the viscosity of the gas
Term
soluable coefficient (gas)
Definition
volume of gas that can be dissolved in 1ml of a given liquid at standard pressure and specified temperature
Term
specific gravity
Definition
ratio of the density of a substance to the density of another substance accepted as a standard.  the usual standard for liquids and solids is water.  a liquid or solid with a specific gravity of 4 is is as dense as water at the same temperature.  Hyrogen is the usual standard for gasses.  
Term
STPD
Definition
conditions of a volume of gas at 0 degrees C and 760mmHg and containing no water vapor (dry).  it should contain a colculable number of moles of a particular gas.
Term
stain-gauge pressure trnasducers
Definition
a pressure measuring device that records pressures by the expandsion and contraction ofa a flexible metal diaphragm connected to electrical wires
Term
thermal conductivity
Definition
measure of gas concentrations in a sample calculated by detecting the rate at which different gasses conduct heat
Term
thermodynamics
Definition
science of the interconversion of heat and work
Term
turbulant flow
Definition
flow of a fluid that does not occuur in a straight line; flow in which molecules the tumble over each other
Term
vaporization
Definition
process whereby matter in its liquid form is changed into its vapror or gaseous form
Term
viscosity
Definition
internal force that opposes flow of a fluid, either liquids or gases
Term
water vapor pressure 
Definition
the pressure exerted by water in its gaseous state
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