Term
| Most focus is placed clinically for gas exchange |
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Definition
| Between the lungs and blood or between the blood and tissues |
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Term
| Exchange between the lungs and blood is done by measuring |
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Definition
| Oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood |
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Term
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Definition
| We can measure carbon dioxide levels in expired air |
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Term
| Another approach to analyzing gas exchange between the blood and tissues is measuring oxygen levels in |
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Definition
| mixed venous blood (Pulmonary Artery) |
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Term
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Definition
| Require insertion of a sensor or collection device into the body |
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Term
| A means of gathering data externally |
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Definition
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Term
| The polargraphic analyzer utilizes what electrode? |
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Definition
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Term
| What electrode is used in blood gas analyzers to measure PO2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood gas samples can be taken by? |
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Definition
| Percutaneous puncture of an artery, or from an indwelling catheter (arterial, central venous, or PA) or by capillary sampling |
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Term
| Results of what is the cornerstone in the diagnosis and management of oxygenation and acid-base disturbances |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Gold standard of gas exchange analysis against which all other methods are compared? |
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Definition
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Term
| Arterial puncture may be taken from where? |
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Definition
| Radial, Brachial, Femoral, or Dorsalis pedis through a single percutaneous need puncture |
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Term
| What is the preferred site for sampling? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the radial artery the preferred site for sampling? |
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Definition
It is near the surface and easy to palpate and stabilize.
Collateral circulation exists with teh ulnar artery.
It is not near any large veins.
Relatively pain free. |
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Term
| What gauge of needle should be used for arterial puncture on a normal adult? |
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Definition
| 20 - 22 gauge needle with clear hub |
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Term
| What are needle capping devices for? |
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Definition
| To prevent injury to practitioners and patients and isolate the sample from air exposure and prevent needle stick injuries. |
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Term
| When would you need ice for an ABG test? |
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Definition
| If it will be more than 15 minutes before the sample is analyzed. |
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Term
| What is the method used if no needle capping device is provided? |
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Definition
| The single handed "scoop" method |
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Term
| What should be confirmed in the patient's medical chart prior to completing the ABG procedure? |
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Definition
Confirm the M.D. order
Status of Patient
Oxygen therapy
Recent activity
Treatments
Anticoagulant therapy |
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Term
| What does the modified Allen's test confirm? |
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Definition
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Term
| A positive Allen's test means? |
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Definition
| The patient has adequate circulation |
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Term
| When inserting the needle in the radial artery what is position of the needle? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How much blood should be obtained for an ABG? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long should pressure be applied after the needle is withdrawn? |
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Definition
5 minutes on normal
10 minutes if on anticoagulant |
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Term
| Never redirect the tip of the needle without |
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Definition
| first withdrawing it to the subcutaneous tissue |
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Term
| How many redirect attempts are allowed after initial puncture? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Lower PCO2
Raise pH
Raises low PO2
Lowers high PO2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Raises PCO2
Lowers pH
Greatly lowers PO2 |
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Term
| Excessive Heparin in sample causes? |
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Definition
Lowers PCO2
Raises pH
Raises low PO2
Lowers high PO2 |
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Term
| Delay in running the sample causes? |
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Definition
Raises PCO2
Lowers pH
Lowers PO2 |
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Term
| 30 minutes of chilling blood in plastic syringes can? |
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Definition
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Term
| To ensure steady state you do what? |
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Definition
| Wait 20 to 30 minutes after any major change in support of patient before sampling and analyzing the blood gases of a critically ill patient |
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Term
| What do you document of a ABG? |
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Definition
Date, time and site of sampling
Results of Allen's test
Patient body temperature, position, activity level, and Respiratory Rate
FiO2 concentration or flow, as well as applicable ventilatory support settings
Information may prove usefull in interpreting results. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Represents the degree to which the Hemoglobin is saturated (calculated unless measured as O2Hb%) |
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Definition
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Term
| Represents the content of oxygen in 100 ml of arterial blood and represents the amount of hemoglobin present and the degree to which it is saturated |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 18 to 20 ml per 100 ml of arterial blood |
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Term
| Provides ready access for blood sampling and allow continuous monitoring of vascular pressures, without repeptitive percutaneous punctures |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Most common routes for arterial lines? |
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Definition
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Term
| Arterial line - catheter connects to? |
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Definition
| Disposable continuous flush device (Intraflow) |
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Term
| What should be the pressure of the IV bag? |
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Definition
| More than the patient's blood pressure but below 300 mmHg |
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Term
| What does the pressure transducer do? |
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Definition
| It provides an electrical signal to a monitor for pressure waveforms |
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Term
| Used as an alternative to Arterial sample in infants and small children? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Provides a rough estimate of arterial pH and PCO2 levels
Is of no value in estimating arterial oxygenation |
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Term
| What should be done to the site for capillary sampling? |
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Definition
| It should be warmed to 42 degrees C. |
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Term
| Parameters of pH, PCO2 and PO2 are measured with |
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Definition
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Term
| Co oximeters measure actual values of |
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Definition
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb)
Methemoglobin (metHb)
Carboxyhemoglobin (CoHb) |
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Term
| PO2 is measured in the blood gas analyzer using a |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Blood gas analyzer calibration |
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Definition
| adjusts electrode readings to media having known values |
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Term
| What gases are used to calibrate the blood glass analyzer? |
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Definition
| Oxygen and Carbon dioxide |
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Term
| For calibration of pH electrode |
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Definition
| a standard buffer is used |
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Term
| Parameters must be measured with known values representing |
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Definition
| at least two points, a high and low value |
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Term
|
Definition
| Media that mimic actual blood samples chemically and physically |
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Term
| What are the three levels of controls media? |
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Definition
Level 1 - Acidosis
Level 2 - Normal
Level 3 - Alkalosis |
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Term
| How often should control media be analyzed during an 8-hour shift? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How often should the control media be rotated? |
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Definition
| All three levels should be rotated so that all three will be used during 24 hours. |
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Term
| How often is external quality control (Federal government)completed? |
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Definition
| Three times per year with five samples per test |
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Term
| What does Point of Care testing do? |
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Definition
Takes ABG analysis from the laboratory to the patient's bedside.
Reduces turnaround time.
Cost savings by eliminating delay in therapy and decreasing length of stay |
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Term
| Provides continuous noninvasive estimates of arterial PO2 and PCO2 and utilizes sensors placed on the surface of the skin |
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Definition
| Transcutaneous Monitoring |
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Term
|
Definition
| Affects the correlation between these measurements and that of arterial blood |
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Term
| Reasonable choice for continuous noninvasive monitoring for children or stable infants |
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Definition
| Transcutaneous Monitoring |
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Term
| Useful for monitoring hyperoxia is neonates |
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Definition
| Transcutaneous Monitoring |
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Term
| Inexpensive portable noninvasive means to monitor arterial blood oxyhemoglobin saturation levels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Utilizes photoplethysmography to detect changes occurring in living tissue during pulsatile blood flow? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Primarily used for monitoring patients under general anesthesia or clincal use during mechanical ventilation |
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Definition
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Term
| All CO2 monitors should be calibrated to PCO2 values obtained from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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