Shared Flashcard Set

Details

EFDA
Dental
216
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
04/11/2019

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How many tooth numbering systems are there?
Definition
3
Term
What are the three tooth numbering systems?
Definition

1. Universal

2. Palmer

3. ISO (International Standards Organization System)

Term
What is the difference in labeling permanent and primary in the universal/national system?
Definition

Permanent is #1-#32 

Primary is #A-#T

Term
How do you tell the difference between palmer notation and ISO?
Definition
Palmer uses brackets while ISO uses numbers
Term
Which tooth numbering system uses numbers for both primary and permanent dentition?
Definition
ISO
Term
While writing ISO, which comes first? Quadrant or tooth number?
Definition
Quadrant
Term
How many classes of teeth are there?
Definition
5
Term
Define Class I
Definition
Buccal, lingual, or occlusal pits on either an anterior or posterior tooth
Term
Define class II
Definition
Posterior interproximal
Term
Define class III
Definition
Anterior interproximal
Term
Define class IV
Definition
Anterior interproximal including incisal edge
Term
Define class V
Definition
Anterior or posterior at the gum line
Term
How long do you have to notify the state board of your new address or name change?
Definition
10 days
Term
What is direct supervision?
Definition
The dentist is in the dental office or treatment facility. They personally diagnose and remain in the dental office or treatment facility while the procedure is being performed and before dismissal of the patient, personally evaluates the work performed.
Term
What is an EFDA able to do?
Definition
Perform reversible intraoral procedures under direct supervision of a licensed dentist
Term
Scope of practice for an EFDA
Definition
  • Place and contour amalgam and other restorative materials 
  • Perform coronal polishing, place sealants
  • Place liners, bases, and bonding agents
  • Perform fluoride treatments
  • Place rubber dam and matrix systems
  • Take impressions of teeth for athletic appliances
Term
Things an EFDA cannot do
Definition
  • Complete or limited exams, diagnosis and treatment planning
  • Surgical or cutting procedures of hard or soft tissue
  • Prescribe drugs, medications or worth authorizations
  • Take impressions other than for study models, diagnostic casts or athletic appliances
  • Final inspection and approval of restorative and other treatment which affects occlusion and any necessary occlusal adjustments
  • Pulp capping, pulpotomy and other endodontic procedures
  • Placement and intraoral adjustments of fixed and removable prosthetic appliances
  • Administration of local anesthesia, paranteral and inhalational sedation or general anesthesia
  • No turning off nitrous 
Term
How often do you have to renew your EFDA license?
Definition
Every 2 years
Term
Which year is your license renewed? Odd or even
Definition
Odd
Term
What must you maintain for licensure?
Definition
  • CPR (American Heart Association or American Red Cross)
  • Continuing education (10 hours)

- 50% in lecture or clinical presentations

- 50% may be taken online

Term
What is the most important document maintained for each patient in a dental practice?
Definition
The patient record
Term
Why is the patient record so important?
Definition
  • Evidence in legal settlement or lawsuit
  • A reference tool for forensic cases
  • A reference for appropriate third parties 
Term
What 4 things should the patient record always include?
Definition
  1. Date
  2. Tooth number
  3. Completed treatment
  4. Signature
Term
How many dentition periods are there?
Definition
3
Term
Name the dentitions
Definition
  1. Primary
  2. Mixed
  3. Permanent
Term
Define succedaneous
Definition
Permanent teeth that replace your primary teeth
Term
How many succedaneous teeth are there?
Definition
20
Term
Define nonsuccedaneous
Definition
Permanent teeth that do not replace primary teeth
Term
How many nonsuccedaneous teeth are there and what are they?
Definition
12. All permanent molars
Term
How many teeth are in the primary dentition and how are they labeled?
Definition
20, labeled #A- #T
Term
What are some other ways of saying primary dentition?
Definition
  • Baby teeth
  • Deciduous dentition
Term
When does mixed dentition usually occur?
Definition
Between the ages of 6-12 years
Term
When does mixed dentition begin?
Definition
With the eruption of the first permanent tooth (Permanent mandibular first molar, #19, #30)
Term
When does mixed dentition end?
Definition
With the shredding of the last primary tooth
Term
When does permanent dentition begin?
Definition
With the shedding of the last primary tooth
Term
Which arch is fixed?
Definition
Maxillary
Term
What makes the mandibular arch capable of movement?
Definition
The action of the temporomandibular joint
Term
Define occlusion
Definition
The natural contact between the maxillary and mandibular teeth in all positions
Term
How many quadrants are there?
Definition
4
Term
How many teeth are in each quadrant? Define permanent and primary quadrants
Definition

Permanent 8

Primary 5

Term
How many sextants are there, and what are they?
Definition
  1. Maxillary right posterior
  2. Maxillary anterior
  3. Maxillary left posterior
  4. Mandibular right posterior 
  5. Mandibular anterior
  6. Mandibular left posterior 
Term
Define the 4 types of permanent teeth
Definition
  1. Incisors
  2. Canines
  3. Premolars
  4. Molars
Term
What is the difference in primary and permanent dentition?
Definition
Premolars
Term
Permanent Incisors
Definition

#7, #8, #9, #10, #23, #24, #25, #26

 

  • Single rooted teeth with relatively sharp, thin edges
  • Designed to cut food without the application of heavy force
  • Lingual is shaped like a shovel to help guide food into the mouth
Term
Permanent Canines
Definition

#6, #11, #22, #27

 

  • Also known as cuspids
  • Located at the "corners" of the arch
  • Designed for cutting and tearing food 
  • Longest teeth in the human dentition
  • Cornerstone of the dental arch
Term
Permanent Premolars
Definition

#4, #5, #12, #13, #20, #21, #28, #29

 

  • Also known as bicuspids
  • Cross between canines and molars
  • Pointed buccal cusps hold the food while the lingual cusps grind it
Term
Permanent Molars
Definition

#1, #2, #3, #14, #15, #16, #17, #18, #19, #30, #31, #32

 

  • Usually have four or more cusps
  • Function is to chew or grind food
Term
How many surfaces does a tooth have?
Definition
  1. Occlusal (Posterior) / Incisal (Anterior)
  2. Lingual
  3. Buccal / Facial
  4. Mesial
  5. Distal 
Term
Define contact area
Definition
The area of the mesial or distal surface of a tooth that touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch
Term
A proper contact does what?
Definition
  • Prevents food from being trapped between the teeth
  • Stabilizes the dental arches by holding the teeth in either arch in positive contact with each other
  • Protects the interporixmal gingival tissue from trauma during mastication 
Term
Define height of contour
Definition

The "buldge" or widest point on a special surface of the crown

 

  • Contact areas on the mesial and distal surfaces are usually considered the height of contour on the proximal surfaces
  • Facial and lingual surfaces also have a height of contour
Term
Define embrasure
Definition
When two teeth in the same arch touch their curvatures next to the contact areas and form spaces
Term
Line angle
Definition

Junction of 2 surfaces 

 

ML

Term
Point angle
Definition

Junction of 3 surfaces

 

MOL

Term
The root of the tooth is divided crosswise into thirds, name them
Definition
  • Apical (nearest the tip of the root)
  • Middle
  • Cervical (nearest the neck of the tooth)
Term
The crown of the tooth is divided into thirds in three divisions, name them
Definition
  • Occlusocervical division
  • Mesiodistal division
  • Buccolingual division 
Term
Define centric occlusion
Definition
The jaws are closed in a position that produces maximal stable contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth (Normal Occlusion.)
Term
Define functional occlusion
Definition
The contact of the teeth during biting and chewing movements
Term
Define malocclusion
Definition
An abnormal or malpositioned relationship of the teeth
Term
Who came up with the classifications of occlusion?
Definition
Angle
Term
Angle's Classifications
Definition
  • Class I - Normal
  • Class II - Overbite 
  • Class III - Underbite
Term
Curve of Spee
Definition
The curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion
Term
Curve of Wilson
Definition
Defined by a line drawn across the occlusal surface of the left mandibular first molar, across the arch, and through the occlusal surface of the right mandibular first molar
Term
What are the 4 parts of the tooth?
Definition
  1. Enamel
  2. Dentin
  3. Cementum
  4. Dental Pulp
Term
Maxillary Central Incisors #8, #9
Definition
  • Shortest root in the maxillary permanent dentition
  • Labial (facial) surface is more rounded 
  • Sharp MI angle, rounded DI angle
Term
Mamelons
Definition
Found on the incisal edge of newly erupted teeth, usually on lower anterior incisors
Term
Maxillary Lateral Incisors #7, #10
Definition
  • Smaller then centrals, but roots are longer 
  • Commonly missing
Term
Mandibular Central Incisors #24, #25
Definition
  • Smallest teeth in the permanent dentition 
  • Centered cingulum 
  • Pointed MI edge
Term
Mandibular Lateral Incisors #23, #26
Definition
  • Slightly larger than the mandibular centrals
  • Incisal edge normally slopes towards the distal 
  • The apex of the tooth can also be curved toward the distal 
Term

Maxillary Canines #6, #11 

 

Definition
  • Longest teeth in the dentitions
  • Slows are almost even
  • 2 well developed lingual fossas (Concaved to channel foods)
Term
Canine Eminence
Definition
The bony ridge over the labial portion of the root of the canines that form facial contours
Term
Mandibular Canines #22, #27
Definition
  • Slopes are more uneven then maxillary 
  • Not as well developed fossas
  • Slopes to the distal 
Term
Name the three types of developmental grooves
Definition
  1. Supplemental 
  2. Central
  3. Triangular 
Term
Maxillary First Premolars #5, #12
Definition
  • Only premolar with two roots
  • Larger than the second premolars (#4, #12)
  • Cusps are almost even in length
  • Look from the buccal for the curve 
Term

Maxillary Second Premolars #4, #12 

 

Definition
  • Cusps are more equal in length
  • One root
  • Slight depression on the mesial of the root 
Term
Mandibular First Premolars #21, #28
Definition
  • Cusps are very uneven 
  • Smaller and shorter than mandibular 2nd premolars 
  • Can be mistaken for a canine 
  • Look at the lingual 
Term

Mandibular Second Premolars #20, #29 

 

Definition
  • More grooves and longer roots than mandibular 1st premolars 
  • Can have 2 or 3 cusps 

- Bicanineate - two cusp type U/C or H shape pattern 

- Tricanineate - three cusp type Y shape pattern (Very rare)

Term
Maxillary First Molars #3, #14
Definition
  • Largest root in the permanent dentition 
  • 3 roots
  • Four well-developed cusps with a 5th cusp on the lingual surface known as the cusp of carabelli 
  • MB cusp is bigger 
Term
Maxillary Second Molars #2, #15
Definition
  • 4 cusps
  • 3 roots that begin to get closer together
  • Crown is shorter than the first molar crown 
Term
Maxillary Third Molar #1, #16
Definition
  • Not well developed
  • Fused or touching roots 
  • Occlusal table looks squished
  • Tons of supplemental grooves
  • AKA wisdom teeth 
Term
Mandibular First Molars #19, #30
Definition
  • 2 roots
  • 5 cusps - 3 buccal & 2 lingual
  • Roots are mostly the same length
  • MB cusp is the largest cusp
Term
Mandibular Second Molars #18, #31
Definition
  • 4 well developed cusps - almost equal in size 
  • Smaller crown than the 1st molar 
  • 2 roots
  • Roots are closer together 
  • Very symmetrical tooth 
Term
Mandibular Third Molars #17, #32
Definition
  • Occlusal table is more oval due to the mandibular jaw is more dense
  • Crown tapers distally 
  • Roots are fused, shorter, and curved 
Term
Maxillary Central Incisors #E, #F
Definition
  • "Chicklet teeth"
  • Mamelons
  • Deep lingual fossa
  • Large cingulum 
  • Wide incisal edge
Term
Maxillary Lateral Incisors #D, #G
Definition
  • Incisal edge is rounder than the central incisor
  • Long and skinny tooth 
Term
Mandibular Central Incisors #O, #P
Definition
  • Very symmetric (If you drew a line down the middle & folded it, it would be equal)
  • Slight fossa, smaller cingulum
  • Mesial and distal tapers evenly in contact areas
Term
Mandibular Lateral Incisors #N, #Q
Definition
  • Wider and longer than centrals
  • 2 Landmarks

1. Slopes distal with the apex

2. Fossa very shallow/nonexistent

Term
Maxillary Canines #C, #H
Definition
  • Longer and sharper cusp with even cusp slopes
  • Well developed cingulum 
  • Slender root 
Term
Mandibular Canines #M, #R
Definition
  • Cusps slopes are more uneven 
  • Shallow fossa
  • Root is more tapered than the maxillary 
Term
Maxillary First Molars #B, #I
Definition
  • 3 or 4 cusps
  • H-shaped groove pattern 
  • 3 roots, flared
Term
Maxillary Second Molars #A, #J
Definition
  • Larger than primary first molar
  • Usually has a cusp of carabelli 
  • Very flared roots 
Term
Mandibular First Molar #L, #S
Definition
  • Rounder crown than other molars
  • 2 roots
  • 4 cusps
Term
Mandibular Second Molars #K, #T
Definition
  • Larger than the primary first molar
  • Resembles permanent mandibular 1st molar
  • 5 cusps
  • Oval occlusal shape 
Term
What is the purpose of selective polishing?
Definition
To avoid removing even small amounts of surface enamel unnecessarily
Term
What is selective polishing?
Definition
Only those teeth or surfaces with stain are polished
Term
Is polishing necessary before fluoride application?
Definition
No, it has been shown that polishing does not improve the uptake of professionally applied fluoride
Term
What are the benefits of coronal polishing?
Definition
  • Prepares the teeth for placement of dental sealants, and orthodontic brackets and bands
  • Smooth tooth surfaces are easier for the patient to keep clean 
  • The formation of new deposits is slowed
  • Patients appreciate the smooth feeling and clean appearance
Term
What are the 3 basic ways stains of the teeth occur?
Definition
  1. A stain adheres directly to the surface of the tooth
  2. A stain is embedded in calculus and plaque deposits
  3. A stain is incorporated into the tooth's structure
Term
Define an endogenous stain
Definition
Originates within the tooth as a result of developmental and systemic disturbances
Term
Define an exogenous stain
Definition

Originates outside the tooth in response to environmental agents, subdivided into extrinsic or intrinsic

 

Extrinsic - stains on the exterior of the tooth that can be removed (Food, drink, tobacco)

 

Intrinsic - stains caused environmentally but cannot be removed because the stain has become incorporated into the structure of the tooth (Tobacco stains from smoking, chewing/dipping, dental amalgam)

Term
Rubber cup polishing
Definition
  • Most common technique for removing stains and plaque and polishing teeth 
  • Rotated slowly and carefully by a prophylactic angle attached to a slow-speed handpiece 
Term
Air Polishing
Definition
  • Doctor has to do it
  • Use of a specially designed handpiece with a nozzle that delivers a high-pressure stream of warm water and sodium bicarbonate
Term
How do you polish esthetic restorations?
Definition
With a diamond, aluminum oxide, or low-abrasion toothpaste should be used with crowns
Term
Factors that influence the rate of abrasion
Definition
  • The more agent used, the greater the degree of abrasion
  • The lighter the pressure, the less abrasion
  • The slower the rotation of the cup, the less abrasion
Term
Coronal polishing steps
Definition
  1. Fill prophy cup with polishing agents and spread it over several teeth in the areas to be polished
  2. Establish a fulcrum and place the cup almost in contact with the tooth 
  3. The stroke should reach from the gingival third to the incisal third of the tooth 
  4. Using the slowest speed, lightly apply the revolving cup to the tooth surface for 1 to 2 seconds each stroke
  5. Use light pressure to make the edges of the polishing cup flare slightly (Tissue will blanch, turn white)
  6. Use a patting, wiping motion and an overlapping stroke 
Term
When coronal polishing, how do you position your patient to polish each arch?
Definition

Mandibular arch - patient's head with the chin down 

(When the mouth is open, the lower jaw should be parallel to the floor)

 

Maxillary arch - position the patient's head with the chin up

Term
Define direct vision
Definition
No mirror
Term
Define indirect vision
Definition
With a mouth mirror
Term
Who can place fluoride?
Definition
  • Dentist (DDS/DMD)
  • Hygienist (RDH)
  • Expanded Functions Dental Assistant (EFDA)
Term
Define fluoride
Definition

Slows demineralization and ehances remineralization of tooth surfaces 

 

The re-hardening of the enamel rods 

Term
What are the two types of fluoride?
Definition

1. Systemic - ingested in food, beverages, or supplements

 

2. Topical - applied directly to the teeth through the use of fluoridated toothpastes, mouth rinses, and topical applications of rinses, gels, foams, and varnishes

Term
Is it possible to obtain excessive fluoride?
Definition
No, your body excretes the excess fluoride through the skin, kidneys, and in the feces
Term
Explain how fluoride works
Definition

1. Preeruptive development - before a tooth erupts a fluid-filled sac surrounds it. Systemic fluoride is present in this fluid to help strengthen enamel of the developing tooth and makes it more resistant to acid

 

2. Posteruptive development - after eruption, fluoride continues to enter the enamel and alter the structure of the enamel crystals. These fluoride-enriched crystals are less acid soluble than the original structure of the enamel

Term
Define chronic overexposure to fluoride
Definition
  • Spread out over time
  • Can result in dental fluorosis in children younger than 6 years with developing teeth
Term
Define acute overdosage of fluoride
Definition
  • A lot in a small amount of time
  • Can result in poisoning or even death
  • Very rare 
Term
Is fluoride more effective topically or systemically? Why?
Definition
Topically, the fluoride diffuses into the surface of the enamel of an erupted tooth rather than being incorporated into unerupted teeth during development
Term
What is the safe and recommended concentration of fluoride in drinking water today?
Definition

1 part per million (ppm) 

 

(Approx. 1 drop in a bathtub of water)

Term
List sources of topical fluoride
Definition
  • Toothpastes
  • Mouth rinses
  • Gels
  • Varnishes
  • Professional applications 
Term
Define cavity preparation
Definition
Process which includes removing diseased tooth structure and leaving healthy tooth structure
Term
Define Wall
Definition
Vertical or horizontal surface of cavity prep
Term
Define cavosurface
Definition
Uncut tooth structure
Term
Define retentive features
Definition
Grooves and pits that enhance mechanical retention
Term
During the initial preparation, what 4 forms are considered? List and define
Definition

1. Outline form - design and depth of the prep

2. Resistance form - shape and placement of the walls

3. Retention form - securing the restoration 

4. Convenience form - accessibility 

Term
What is included in the final preparation?
Definition
  • Removal of enamel or dentin in preparation 
  • Insert additional retention notches
  • Place protective materials (liners, bases)
Term
What are retention pins used for?
Definition
  • Replaces a missing cusp
  • Gives more retention/strength
Term
When is an intermediate restoration placed?
Definition
  • To determine the health of the tooth
  • Waiting for the permanent restoration 
  • Financial reasons
Term
Define centric contact position
Definition

Tooth - to - tooth contact (the way the teeth fit together)

 

Also known as intercuspal position (ICP) or maximum intercuspation (MIP)

Term
Define eccentric contacts
Definition

Movement out of intercuspal position

 

  • Lateral excursions - movement of the jaw to the right or left
  • Protrusive movement - movement of the jaw straight forward 
Term
What indicates the tooth is touching sooner than the other teeth?
Definition

Marks that appear dense, halo, and/or donut shaped 

 

  • Posterior marks should appear as dots
Term
Name some things that a high bite can cause
Definition
  • Tooth wear
  • Pain or sensitivity, especially while chewing
  • Fracture of tooth or restoration
  • Movement (shifting)
  • Loosening of interferences with TMJ and muscles of mastication 
Term
What is tooth wear from?
Definition
  • Stress
  • Friction
  • Corrosion 

These three mechanisms generally overlap and cause accelerated deterioration of the teeth

Term
Define attrition
Definition
The gradual loss of tooth structure along the biting surface due to occlusal wear
Term
Define bruxism
Definition
Oral habit of involuntary grinding and clenching of teeth
Term
Define facets
Definition
Smooth worn areas on the occlusal or incisal surfaces of teeth, indicates premature contact
Term
Define tooth wear or abrasion
Definition

Cervical third can be erosion (acids) or abrasion (brushing)

 

Abfractions 

Term
What is amalgam made up of?
Definition
  • Silver
  • Tin
  • Copper
  • Zinc
Term
Silver 40 - 70%
Definition
  • Combines easily with mercury
  • Requires slightly longer amalgamation
  • Sets quickly
  • Tarnishes easily 
Term
Tin 22 - 30%
Definition
  • Aids in combining the mercury with alloy 
  • Reduces strength
  • Sets slowly
  • More susceptible to corrosion 
Term
Copper 13 - 27%
Definition
  • Adds strength and decreases expansion of amalgam 
  • Resists corrosion
  • Helps to reduce marginal failure 
Term
Zinc 0- 2%
Definition
  • Prevents oxidation during manufacturing process 
Term
What are the 3 different types of alloy particles?
Definition
  1. Lathe cut (Conventional)
  2. Spherical cut
  3. Mixture 
Term
Lathe cut (Conventional)
Definition
  • Three sizes: regular, fine, micro cut
  • Fine and micro harden faster 
Term
Spherical Cut
Definition
  • Round
  • Lower mercury to alloy ratio
  • Harder to place
  • More expensive 
Term
Mixture
Definition
  • Add mixed, blended, or dispersion 
  • Used to control the structure of amalgam 
  • More commonly used 
Term
How many lbs of pressure is needed to condense an amalgam restoration?
Definition
6 lbs
Term
Why is mercury important for amalgam?
Definition
  • It is used in the mixing process to form the amalgam restoration 
  • It is a metal in liquid form used to wet dry alloy particles 
  • Only wet component
Term
What happens upon condensing the amalgam?
Definition
The mercury rich layer rises to the surface and is carved off or aspirated from the restoration
Term
How much mercury is left in an amalgam restoration?
Definition
3%
Term
Compare/Contrast the ratio of mercury to alloy
Definition
  • Higher the % of mercury in the amalgam, the easier to mix and the slower to set 
  • High % weakens the amalgam and makes polishing more difficult 

Most mercury to alloy ratios are less than 54% because minimum mercury produces a stronger alloy (setting time is quicker 2.5 min)

Term
Describe under triturated amalgam
Definition
Crumbly and dull in appearance
Term
Describe over triturated amalgam
Definition
Soupy before setting
Term
Describe properly triturated amalgam
Definition
Slightly warm and smooth with a plastic feel
Term
Benefits to amalgam bonding
Definition
  • Increased retention
  • Decreased marginal leakage 
Term
How long must the patient wait to bite on an amalgam filling?
Definition
1 hour
Term
How long does it take until an amalgam restoration is at full strength?
Definition
24 hours after placement
Term
How thick must the amalgam restoration be to withstand biting forces?
Definition
At least 1.5mm thick
Term
Define galvansim
Definition

When dissimilar (2 different) metals touch in the mouth. (An electric current resulting in pain)

 

Occurs especially when amalgam is first placed

 

EX: Foil from gum wrapper on a new amalgam filling 

Term
Define creep/ditching
Definition
  • Strain or deformation that is produced by stress 
  • Can cause an amalgam restoration to extend out of the cavity prep 
Term
Define corrosion
Definition
Slow deterioration by being eaten or worn away
Term
Define tarnish
Definition
To become dull, the luster of discolor
Term
How many increments of amalgam must be placed in ALL cavity preparations
Definition
2
Term
What is overcontoured?
Definition
  • Too much material
  • Can be adjusted with finishing and polishing 
  • XL to LG
Term
What is undercontoured?
Definition
  • Not enough material 
  • Only way to fix is to remove and replace 
Term
What can bases and liners be used for?
Definition
  1. Sealers
  2. Reinforcers
  3. Insulators
  4. Obtundants
  5. Pulp Stimulators 
Term
Explain what sealers do
Definition
  • Seals off cavity preparation 
  • Seals off dentinal tubules
  • Seals off the microscopic space between the tooth surface and restoration (helps to prevent post op sensitivity)
  • Cannot be thermal insulators 

Ex: Copolite

Term
Explain what reinforcers do
Definition
  • Bases used to protect the pulp from the pressures exerted on it during condensing 
  • Materials can be a reinforcer and an insulatore
  • Can be placed in a thick (base) or thin layer 

Ex: Dycal 

Term
Explain what insulators do
Definition
  • Also referred to as a base (cements in a thick layer)
  • Placed to insulate the pulp from thermal irritation 

Types

- Zinc oxide-eugeonol (ZOE)

- Zinc phosphate cement 

- Zinc polycrylic/carboxylate/polycarboxylate cement (Dycal, Limelight)

 

Term
Explain what obtundants are
Definition
  • They have the ability to soothe the sensitive pulp or reduce the irritability of a pulp 

EX: IRM (eugenol, oil of cloves)

Term
Define why pulp stimulators are used
Definition
  • Used in deep cavity preparations where the remaining layer of dentin over the pulp is very thin in order to stimulate a thickening of the dentin layer
  • Stimulated the pulp to form a layer of secondary reparative dentin 

EX: Dycal, limelight 

Term
What is the difference between an indirect and direct pulp cap?
Definition
  • Indirect pulp cap - over a near pulpal exposure
  • Direct pulp cap - over an area of exposed pulp (may see bleeding)
  • Direct pulp caps needs to be placed by the dentist
Term
What is the minimal depth?
Definition
0.5mm to 1.5mm into dentin
Term
What is the moderate depth?
Definition

1mm into dentin but more than 0.5mm from the pulp 

 

Calcium hydroxide needed 

Term
What do you need if you have a near pulp exposure or a pulpal exposure?
Definition
Calcium hydroxide and insulator-reinforcer is needed
Term
Define the parts of a toffelmire retainer
Definition
  • Outer knob - used to tighten or loosen the spindle within the diagonal slot; this holds the matrix band securely in the retainer
  • Inner knob - used to increase or decrease the size of the matrix band loop
  • Spindle - internal screwlike pin that fits into the diagonal slot to secure the ends of the matrix band
  • Diagonal slot - slot within the main body of the retainer that is used to position the ends of the matrix band into the vise
  • Guide slots - slots used to position the matrix band for either the left or the right quadrant
Term
What are the two types of bands used with a toffelmire?
Definition
  1. Universal band - used with the proximal box is prepared to a minimum depth and width and the cusps are intact
  2. Extension band - selected for deep Class II preparation requiring gingival extensions 
Term
What happens if you wedge improperly?
Definition
  • Can result in an overhang or in cupping 
  • Causes food traps
  • Causes irritation, recession, possible abcess
Term
What is proper placement for a band?
Definition
  • The seated band extends approx. 1mm below the gingival margin of the prep
  • The seated band extends no farther than 1.5 to 2mm above the occlusal surface of the tooth 
Term
What is used to restore a class III or IV?
Definition
Celluoid strip
Term
What type of matrix is used to restore primary teeth?
Definition
  1. T- band
  2. Spot-welded band
Term
What is the most common form of isolation?
Definition

Cotton rolls 

 

  • Advantages - easy application, flexibility, do not need additional equipment
  • Disadvantages - does not provide complete isolation, must be removed properly or can be damaging, must be replaced frequently, limited retraction 
Term
Isolation of teeth is important why?
Definition
  • Easy to apply 
  • Protective of hard and soft tissues
  • Comfortable for the patient 
  • Retraction 
  • Prevent moisture contamination 
Term
What do you cover using a dry angle?
Definition
Stensen's duct
Term
List benefits of a dental dam
Definition
  • Protects patient from aspiration and contact with dental materials 
  • Protects tooth from moisture contamination 
  • Application of medicaments (bleach)
  • Improves access and retraction of soft tissue
  • Improves properties of dental materials
  • Better visibility, and also dry and clean 
  • Economical 
Term
What are the types of dental dam frames, how are they placed?
Definition
  • Plastic - placed under the dental dam (Not pretty)
  • Stainless steal - placed over the dental dam (Pretty)
Term
What is angular keylitis?
Definition
Cold sores
Term
What part of the dental dam clamp is placed distally?
Definition
Bow
Term
What is used on dental dam clamps to help with safety for the patient?
Definition
A ligature
Term
Who can place a dental dam?
Definition
  • Doctor
  • EFDA
Term
What are the ways a dental dam can be placed?
Definition
  1. One-step method - placed on all at once
  2. Two-step method - Clamp is placed first and then dam is stretched over top 
Term
What was the first tooth colored dental material?
Definition
Porcelain
Term
When was composite developed?
Definition
1960
Term
Define composite
Definition
Organic matrix of resin that is made up of inorganic fillers
Term
BIS-GMA
Definition

Bisphenol A + Glycidylmethacrylate = BIS-GMA (resin matrix)

 

Resin matrix + inorganic fillers = composite resin 

Term
Name inorganic fillers
Definition

Ceramic materials

  • Quartz or silica
  • Lithium aluminum silicate
  • Barium glasses 

These inorganic fillers strengthen the materials reducing thermal expansion 

Term

Name advantages of composite 

 

Definition
  • Resists solubility, dehydration, disintegration and abrasion
  • Better compressive strength (chewing) and hardness
  • Thermal expansion is only 3 times that of tooth structure = lower expansion and contraction = reduction in percolation and marginal staining 
  • Excellent marginal adaptation with the use of etchant and bond 
  • Improved marginal seal between composite and enamel
  • Better color stability 
  • Has both mechanical and chemical retention 
Term
Tensile
Definition
Open
Term
Compressive
Definition
Biting
Term
Shear
Definition
Lateral excursion
Term
Mechanical retention is composite
Definition
Enamel is etched with phosphoric acid = micropores in the enamel surface
Term
Chemical retention in composite
Definition
Less flowable (more viscous) composite is placed over unfilled bonding agents which chemically bonds to the unfilled resin
Term
What are the 4 categories of composite resins?
Definition
  1. Conventional 
  2. Micro-filled
  3. Hybrid
  4. Micro hybrid
Term
Conventional Composites
Definition
  • Also known as macrofilled 
  • 75-80% inorganic filler 
  • Large particle size
  • Has a rough surface texture
  • More susceptible to discoloration from extrinsic stains
  • Some fillers make it easier to distinguish caries under a filling on a radiograph 
  • Roughest, not used in anterior 
Term
Micro-Filled Resin Composites
Definition
  • 35-50% inorganic filler
  • Polishable
  • Designed to improve the rough surface characteristics of the conventional composites to resemble the tooth enamel
  • Very small (submicron) particles of collidal silica result in a very polishable surface
  • More susceptible to wear, increase water absorption
  • Good for anteriors only
Term
Hybrid Composite
Definition
  • 70-80% inorganic material 
  • Submicron particles mixed with larger particles
  • Developed to combine good physical properties of conventional composites with smooth surface microhybrids 
  • Best of old and new to be used everywhere 
Term
Micro Hybrid Composite
Definition
  • Mix of partical size and most popular 
  • Combine properties of micro filled with hybrids to create a polishable strong system 
  • Esthetics is superb
  • Very broad range of shades and opaqueness so that the tooth shade can be duplicated 
Term
Flowable composite
Definition
  • Has a lower viscosity (runny)
  • Doesn't have the fillers
  • Typically used in the first increments of a composite to fill up the pulpal floor it is some what cushiony. Then covered by a hybrid composite 
  • For a tiny prep from air abrasion
  • Use for class I smaller preps and sealants (not in occlusion)
  • Class II under the hybrid layer 
Term
List and define the types of cavity preps
Definition
  1. Conventional types - prepped using only carbide burs and hand instruments. Acid etching improves the marginal seal and reduces the marginal discoloration with resin materials 
  2. Modified type - similar to conventional but they do not normally extend into the dentin. Diamond burs can be used to put in a bevel on the enamel. Allows for more end on etching of the enamel rods  
Term
How long must you re-apply etch if saliva touches the prep?
Definition
10 seconds
Term
Define sealants
Definition
  • Dental resins applied to the pit and fissure area of teeth to prevent tooth decay
  • Fill in the areas of the tooth that are susceptible to carries
  • A barrier that prevents bacteria and carbs from creating acids that cause decay in the inaccessible areas of the teeth 
Term
What are some areas succeptible to carries?
Definition
  • Occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars
  • Lingual pits and grooves of maxillary molars and incisors
  • Buccal pits of mandibular molars
Term
How long do properly placed sealants last?
Definition
7 years
Term
Sealants can be done on a tooth with an existing restoration: True or False?
Definition
False - may only be done on virgin surfaces
Term
What does photopolymerized mean?
Definition
Light cured
Term
Two types of dental sealants
Definition
  1. Chemical cured - have a liquid 
  2. Photopolymerized - light cured 

or small particles and mixed particles 

Term
Three methods of curing a dental sealant
Definition
  1. Ultra-violet light
  2. Chemical self cured
  3. White or visible light cured 
Term
A comprehensive class II restoration may involve as many as _____ surfaces of a tooth?
Definition
4
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