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EES 1004 (UNO)
Chapter 7 vocab
66
Science
Undergraduate 1
02/23/2011

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Term
accretionary prism
Definition
Term
anticline
Definition
a geologic structure in which strata are bent into an upfold or arch
Term
apparent polar wandering path
Definition
Term
asthenosphere
Definition
the zone between 50 and 250 kilometers below the surface of the Earth, where shock waves of earthquakes travel at much reduced speeds, perhaps because of less rigidity. The ___ may be a zone where convective flow of material occurs.
Term
basin
Definition
a depressed area that serves as a catchment area for sediments (___ of deposition). A structural ___ is an area in which strata slope inward toward a central location. Structural ___ tend to experience periodic downsinking and thus receive a thinker and more complete sequence of sediments than do adjacent areas.
Term
blueschist
Definition
Term
body seismic wave
Definition
Term
continental crust
Definition
Term
convection cell
Definition
Term
convergent plate boundary
Definition
Term
dip
Definition
Term
discontinuity (seismic)
Definition
Term
divergent plate boundary
Definition
Term
dome
Definition
An upfold in rocks having the general configuration of an inverted bowl. Strata in a ___ dip outward and downward in all directions from a central area.
Term
exotic terrane
Definition
Term
fault
Definition
A fracture in the Earth's crust along which rocks on one side have been displaced relative to rocks on the other side
Term
fold
Definition
Term
footwall
Definition
Term
Glossopteris flora
Definition
An assemblage of fossil plants found in rocks of late Paleozoic and early Triassic age in South Africa, India, Australia, and South America.
Term
Gondwana (=Gondwanaland)
Definition
The great Permo-Carboniferous Southern Hemisphere continent, comprising the assembled present areas of South Africa, India, Australia, Africa-Arabia, and Antartica
Term
gravity anomaly
Definition
the differences between the observed value of gravity at any point on the Earth and the calculated theoretic value
Term
Gutenberg discontinuity
Definition
The boundary separating the mantle of the earth from the core below. The Gutenberg discontinuity lies about 2900 below the surface
Term
guyot
Definition
Term
hanging wall
Definition
Term
hotspot
Definition
Term
isostasy
Definition
Term
lateral fault (strike-slip fault)
Definition
a fault in which th emovement is largely horizontal and in the direction of the trend of the fault plane.
Term
Laurasia
Definition
A hypothetic supercontinent composed of what is now Europe, Asia, Greenland, and North America
Term
lithosphere
Definition
the outer shell of the Earth, lying above the asthenosphere and comprising the crust and upper mantle
Term
mantle
Definition
Term
melange
Definition
a body of intricately folded, faulted, and severely metamorphosed rocks, examples of which can be seen in the Franciscan rocks of California.
Term
microcontinent
Definition
Term
Mohorovicic discontinuity
Definition
a plane that marks the boundary separating the crust of the Earth from the underlying mantle. The "moho," as it is sometimes called, is at a depth of about 70 kilometers below the surface of continents and 6-14 kilometers below the floor of the oceans.
Term
monocline
Definition
Term
normal fault
Definition
a fault in which the hanging wall appears to have moved downward relative tot he footwall; normally occurring in areas of crustal tension.
Term
oceanic crust
Definition
Term
ophiolite suite
Definition
An associationo f radiolarian cherts, pelagic muds, basaltic pillow and flow lavas, gabbros, and ultramafic rocks such as periodotite regarded as surviving masses of former oceanic crust largely destroyed in former subjection areas
Term
paleomagnetism
Definition
The Earth's magnetic field and magnetic properties in the geologic past. Studies of paleomagnetism are helpful in determining positions of continents and magnetic poles.
Term
Pangea
Definition
In Alfred Wegner's theory of continental drift, the supercontinent that included all present major continental masses
Term
Panthalassa
Definition
The great universal ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangea prior to its breakup
Term
passive continental margin (trailing edge)
Definition
Term
plate tectonics
Definition
The theory that explains the tectonic behavior of the crust of the Earth in terms of several moving plates that are formed by volcanic activity at oceanic ridges and destroyed along great ocean trenches
Term
primary seismic wave (P-wave)
Definition
Seismic waves that are propagated through solid rock as a train of compressions and dilations. Direction of vibration is parallel to direction of propagation
Term
reverse fault
Definition
a fault formed by compression in which the hanging wall appears to move up relative tot he foot wall
Term
ridge-push, slab-pull model
Definition
Term
seafloor spreading
Definition
the process by which new sea-floor crust is produced along midoceanic ridges (divergence zones) and slowly conveyed away from the ridges
Term
secondary seismic wave (S-wave)
Definition
a seismic wave in which the direction of vibration of wave energy is at right angles to the direction the wave travels
Term
seismic wave
Definition
Term
seismogram
Definition
Term
seismograph
Definition
Term
shadow zone
Definition
Term
spreading center
Definition
Term
strike
Definition
Term
strike-slip fault
Definition
Term
subduction zone
Definition
an inclided planar zone, defined by high frequency of earthquakes, that is thought to locate the descending leading edge of a moving oceanic plate
Term
surface seismic wave
Definition
seismic or earthquake waves that move only about the surface of the Earth
Term
suture zone
Definition
Term
syncline
Definition
a geologic structure in which strata are bent into a downfold
Term
Tethys Seaway
Definition
A great east-west trending seaway lying between Laurasia and Gondwanaland during Paleozoic and Mesozoic time and from which arose the Alpine-Himalayan Mountain Ranges
Term
thermal plume
Definition
a "hot spot" inteh upper mantle believed to exist where a huge column of upwelling magma lies in a fixed position under the lithosphere. ___ are thought to cause volcanism in the overlying lithosphere
Term
thrust fault
Definition
a low-angle reverse fault, with inclination of fault plane generally less that 45A7
Term
trailing edge
Definition
Term
transform fault
Definition
a strike-slip fault bounded at each end by an area of crustal spreading that tends to be more or less perpendicular to the trace of the fault
Term
transform plate boundary
Definition
Term
Wadati-Benioff seismic zone
Definition
Term
Wilson Cycle
Definition
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