Term
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Definition
| ___ are the building blocks of rocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth's crust is made up of ___. |
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Term
| a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite chemical composition and an orderly internal crystal structure |
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Definition
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Term
| physical and chemical properties |
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Definition
| Each mineral has different ___ which allow it to be identified. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a physical property of a mineral. It is the ___ of a mineral as it appears to the eye in reflected light. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical property of a mineral that is describes as a minerals resistance to scratching |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardness is measured on a scale of 1-__, called ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical property of a mineral that is its ability to break along flat surfaces related to planes of weakness in its crystal structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| There are over ___ minerals on earth. |
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Term
| a few; make up most of the rocks |
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Definition
| Although there are over 3000 minerals on earth only ___ are common and ___. |
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Term
| silicates and non-silicates |
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Definition
| What two groups can the important rock minerals be divided into? |
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Term
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Definition
| What two elements is the earth's crust dominated by? |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygen and silicon help make up the dominant group of rock forming minerals, the ___ minerals. |
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Term
| The silicate minerals are based on a structure that involves four oxygen atoms arranged in a pyramid like shape around a silicon atom |
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Definition
| Explain the silicon tetrahedron. |
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Term
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Definition
| The silicate minerals are based on a structure that involves four oxygen atoms arranged in a pyramid like shape around a silicon atom. This structure is called a ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Minerals that do not contain silicon are called ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is feldspar a silicate or non-silicate mineral? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the dominant mineral in Earth's crust? |
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Term
| two directions of cleavage at 90degrees |
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Definition
| Does feldspar have cleavage, and if so what kind? |
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Term
| it has flat, glassy rectangular surfaces and its color may be white, grey, pink or green |
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Definition
| Describe what feldspar looks like. |
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Term
| igneous rocks; granite and basalt |
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Definition
| Feldspar is common in ___ such as ___ and ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the second most abundant mineral in earth's crust? |
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Term
| colorless, white, grey to brown, pink, purple, blue or green |
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Definition
| What are the color varieties of quartz? |
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Term
| It has a choncodial fracture. |
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Definition
| Does quartz have a cleavage or a fracture? Describe what it has. |
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Term
| 6 sided elongated crystals |
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Definition
| describe the crystalline structure of quartz. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Non-silicate minerals comprise about __% of the earth's crust |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ minerals are the most widespread of the non-silicate minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the main constituent of limestone and marble. |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcite is the main constituent of ___ and ___. |
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Term
| It has shells of some marine organisms, it fizzes under hydrochloric acid and it has a rhomboidal cleavage (3 directions not at 90degrees). Cleavage fragments are rhombs. |
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Definition
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Term
| An aggregate of one or more minerals. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are the building blocks of Earth's crust. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ___ is an aggregate of one or more minerals. |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of rock is crystallized from hot, molten rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| this type of rock is formed from fragments of sediment laid down by water or wind which become compressed or cemented over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| this type of rock is changed by heat and/or pressure or chemical activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Through the ___, one type of rock can convert into another type of rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ make up more than 90% of the Earth's crust, by volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| Igneous rocks make up more than __% of the Earth's crust, by volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| the word ___ means "fire-formed" |
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Term
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Definition
| The word igneous means "___" |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is hot molten rock beneath the surface of the Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is hot, molten rock which has flowed out on the surface of the Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ or ___ rocks form from lava, which cooled on the Earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extrusive or volcanic rocks form from ___, which cooled on the Earth's surface. |
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Term
| Intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks |
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Definition
___ or ___ rocks form from magma which cooled beneath the surface
of the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
Intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks form from
___ which cooled beneath the surface
of the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| Extrusive rocks cool ___ and are ___ grained |
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Term
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Definition
| Intrusive rocks cool ___ and are ___ grained |
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Term
| Sialic, intermediate, mafic and ultramafic |
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Definition
| What are the different compositions an igneous rock can be classified as? |
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Term
| intrusive (plutonic) and extrusive (volcanic) |
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Definition
| What are the two textures or grain sizes of igneous rocks? |
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Term
| They are silicate rich, light colored, and have light colored minerals such as quartz and potassium feldspar |
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Definition
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Term
| They are iron and magnesium rich, dark colored, and have minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Which igneous rock is sialic and extrusive? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which igneous rock is sialic and intrusive? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which igneous rock is intermediate and extrusive? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which igneous rock is intermediate and intrusive? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which igneous rock is mafic and extrusive? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which igneous rock is mafic and intrusive? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which igneous rock is ultramafic and intrusive? |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the most common igneous rock |
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Term
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Definition
| The ocean crust is dominated by ___. It covers about 70% of Earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| The ocean's crust is dominated by basalt. It covers about __% of the Earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Basalt has a ___ color because it is contains ferromagnesian minerals, along with feldspar. |
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Term
| ferromagnesian minerals, feldspar |
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Definition
| Basalt has a dark color because it is contains ___ minerals, along with ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| The igneous rock that the earth's continental crust is dominated by is ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Granite has a ___ texture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Granite has a ___ color because it is dominated by minerals like ___ and ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ causes changes in the texture and mineralogy of rocks. |
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Term
| high temperatures, high pressures, and chemical reactions caused by solutions and hot gasses |
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Definition
| Rocks are changed or metamorphosed by ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of metamorphism occurs from the alteration of rock by heat adjacent to hot magma or molten molten lava or magma lava . |
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Term
| regional or dynamothermal metamorphism |
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Definition
| This type of metamorphosed rock is formed by the alternation of rock over a large area of heat and pressure due to deep burial or tectonic forces. |
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Term
| foliated and non-foliated (also called granular) |
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Definition
| What are the two groups are metamorphosed rocks separated into based on texture? |
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Term
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Definition
| laminated structure in a metamorphic rock resulting from the parallel alignment of sheet-like minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| In this metamorphic rock, mica flakes are visible to the unaided eye. This is derived from the regional metamorphism of shales or fine-grained volcanic rocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| This metamorphic rock is a coarse-grained rock with minerals segregated into light and dark layers or bands. It is derived from the regional metamorphism of high-silica igneous rocks, and muddy sandstone. |
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Term
| equidimensional grains such as quartz or calcite |
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Definition
| Non-foliated or granular rocks are composed of what? |
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Term
| non-foliated metamorphic rocks |
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Definition
In this type of metamorphic rock there is no preferred orientation. The
grains form a mosaic. |
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Term
There is no preferred orientation. The
grains form a mosaic. |
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Definition
| Describe a non-foliated metamorphic rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of metamorphic rock is composed of finely- to coarsely-crystalline calcite or dolomite. Derived from the metamorphism of limestone or dolostone. They are commonly white or grey but can sometimes be pink. |
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Term
| This type of metamorphic rock is composed of finely- to coarsely-crystalline calcite or dolomite. Derived from the metamorphism of limestone or dolostone. They are commonly white or grey but can sometimes be pink. |
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Definition
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