Term
| Older Paleogene and Younger Neogene Period |
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Definition
| What two periods doest the Cenozoic Era consist of? |
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Term
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Definition
| Cenozoic Era is sometimes called the age of ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| In the Cenozoic, ___ came to dominate the Earth, much as reptiles had done during the Mesozoic |
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Term
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Definition
| What was the spectacular adaptive radiation of mammals in the early Cenozoic? |
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Term
- biologic changes can be tied to changes in th environment and geography
- climate change to cooler and drier conditions led to expansion of the grasslands in Miocene, which influenced evolution of herbivorous mammals.
- continental breakup and isolation stimulated biological diversity. It resulted in distinct faunal radiations on separate landmasses, and in isolated marine basins. |
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Definition
| What could be some of the causes of Cenozoic biodiversity? |
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Term
| Eocene-Oligocene; dramatic worldwide cooling |
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Definition
| A slight drop in diversity in Paleogene marks an extinction event at ___ boundary associated with a ___. |
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Term
| - contain siliceous secretions and are coated with fine particles of soil as they grow close to the ground |
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Definition
| Why are grasses abrasive to the teeth of grazing mammals? |
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Term
- many herbivorous mammals evolved high-crowned cheek teeth that continue to grow at the roots during part of the animals' lives.
- face length in front of eyes increased in grazing mammals to provide space for these teeth |
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Definition
| How did mammals adapt to compensate for the tooth abrasion resulting from chewing grasses? |
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Term
-fish
-amphibians
-reptiles
-birds
-mammals |
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Definition
| Cenozoic vertebrates include: |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ fossils are rarely preserved |
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Term
| large flightless land; small |
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Definition
| fossil record is better for ___ birds than for ___ birds because they have more robust skeletons. |
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Term
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Definition
| a large flightless bird from Eocene of North America |
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Term
- a large flightless bird from Eocene of North America
- 2 m tall and weighed about 300 pounds
- it had massive legs, clawed feet, and a huge beak, suggesting that it was a predator |
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Definition
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Term
- have hairs
- have sweat glands
- give birth to live young (not eggs) |
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Definition
| what are the key characteristics of mammals? |
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Term
| rapidly adapted to the newly vacated ecological niches |
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Definition
| following the demise of the dinosaurs, mammals ___. |
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Term
- monotremes
- marsupials
- placentals |
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Definition
| What are the three types of mammals? |
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Term
| platypus living in Australia and Tasmania and the spiny anteater living in Australia and New Guinea |
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Definition
| What are two examples of primitive egg-laying mammals? |
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Term
- primitive egg-laying mammals (playpus living in Australia and Tasmania and the spiny anteater living in Australia and New Guinea)
- milk is secreted from special glands onto hairs on the abdomen where the young can lick it up |
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Definition
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Term
| mammals with pouches in which they keep their young. There are many Australian forms |
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Definition
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Term
they are characterized by the presence of a placenta, which:
- facilitates exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood of the mother and the fetus
- allows for a longer developmental period of the fetus within the protection of the womb. |
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Definition
| Describe Placental Mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| Placental mammals appeared during the ___ as small insectivores. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mammals appeared during the Cretaceous as ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| The earliest meat-eating placental mammals are ___ in age. |
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Term
| sabertooth cat (Smilodon) |
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Definition
| What is an example of a famous Pleistocene carnivore? |
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Term
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Definition
| about ___ years ago (last glaciation), in North America, many large mammals existed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many large land mammals went extinct about ___ years ago. |
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Term
- human hunting and predation
- climate change associated with global warming at th end of the last ice age
- meteorite impact around the North Pole |
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Definition
| Why did the large mammals go extinct about 8000 years ago? |
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Term
| the migration of mammals between North and South America |
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Definition
| The development of the Panama land bridge about 3mya during Late Pliocene led to what? |
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Term
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Definition
| The ___ existed between North America and Eurasia during the Plestocene. |
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Term
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Definition
| Land mammals migrated across the Bering land bridge during the ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Bering land bridge was also used by early humans to enter North America at least ___ years ago. |
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Term
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Definition
| Isotope data from Antarctic ice cores show global warming since the ___. |
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