Term
| which is painful to the pt, hordeolum or chalazion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is masquarade syndrome? |
|
Definition
| persistant inflammation of the eye lid that my develop into cancer |
|
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Term
| 3. Hordeolum, Scarring of eyelid margin, Misdirection of eyelashes, and corneal irritation/ulcer are complications of what disease process? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 4.Most common etiology for entropion and ectropion? |
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Definition
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Term
| lacrimal sac disorders which is an urgent referral to an Ophthalmologist? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 6. What is the most common cause of tearing in children < 1 year |
|
Definition
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Term
| 7. What is the definition of Conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
| • Inflammation of the bulbar and/or palpebral conjunctiva for less than four weeks |
|
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Term
| 8. What is the chief characterization of conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
| • All conjunctivitis is characterized by red eye….but not all red eye is conjunctivitis |
|
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Term
| 9. What is the most common eye disorder? |
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Definition
| • Conjunctivitis-most likely cause of red eye and discharge |
|
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Term
| 10. What organisms cause neonatal conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 11. What organisms cause acute bacterial conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
• Staph aureus-Adults
• Hib-children
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa-contact wearers |
|
|
Term
| 12. Is conjunctivitis usually unilateral or bilateral? Is vision affected? |
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Definition
| • Typically unilateral and vision is unaffected |
|
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Term
| 13. What are the typical treatments for conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
• Erythromycin
• Sulfa Ophthalmic drops
• Bacitracin Ophthalmic ointments
• Sulfacetamide
• Fluoroquinolones drops-more expensive |
|
|
Term
| 14. What type of conjunctivitis is an ophthalmic emergency? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 15. How is hyperacute conjunctivitis treated? |
|
Definition
• Irrigate with saline to dilute exotoxins
• Ceftriaxone 1g IM
• See patient daily |
|
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Term
| 16. What is the most common cause of blindness worldwide? |
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Definition
| • Trachoma-caused by Chlamydial trachomatis serotypes A-C-causes corneal scarring |
|
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Term
| 17. What is the pathophysiology of trachoma? |
|
Definition
• Repeated follicular inflammation leads to eyelid scarring
• Eyelid scarring leads to entropion
• Eyelash abrasion leads to corneal opacification and subsequent blindness |
|
|
Term
| 18. What is the treatment for trachoma? |
|
Definition
• Azithromycin oral or ophthalmic
• Surgery to correct eyelid deformities
• Transplant of cornea |
|
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Term
| 19. Which type of conjunctivitis is considered an STD? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 20. When diagnosing inclusion conjunctivitis what important presentation symptom should be considered when diagnosing? |
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Definition
| • Concurrent asymptomatic urogenital infection |
|
|
Term
| 21. What is the treatment for Inclusion Conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
• “cline”—tetracycline, doxycycline
• Erythromycin and azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| 22. What is the “gold standard” for diagnosis of Newborn conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 23. What is the treatment for Newborn Conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
• Erythromycin oral/drops
• Penicillin G
• Gentamicin |
|
|
Term
| 24. What type of conjunctivitis is highly contagious |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 25. What are the two types of Viral Conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
• PCF-pharyngoconjunctival fever-most commonly caused by Adenovirus type 3
• EKC-Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis –caused by Adenovirus type 8, 19, 29, and 37 |
|
|
Term
| 26. How does the presentation of EKC differ from PCF? |
|
Definition
• EKC may have:
o pseudo membrane
o Swollen lids
o Decreased visual acuity
o Severe FB sensation
o Keratitis with corneal infiltrates that degrade acuity
• PCF may have
o Tarsal conjunctiva may become bumpy
o May have viral prodrome (adenopathy, fever, pharyngitis and malaise)
o Palpable preauricular lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
| 27. What are the treatments for EKC or PCF |
|
Definition
• Cold compresses
• Typically resolve without treatment in 1-3 weeks
• With EKC consider referral for confirmation of diagnosis and possible steroids to prevent scarring |
|
|
Term
| 28. What is a common conjunctival disorder in elderly women? |
|
Definition
| keratoconjuctivitis sicca |
|
|
Term
| 29. What are 3 common types of allergic conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
| acute, seasonal, perenneal |
|
|
Term
| 30. If a patient presents with red, itchy, burning, tearing, and watery discharge and has known allergies of mold, what type of conjunctivitis would the patient be most likely diagnosed with? |
|
Definition
| perrennial allergic conjuctivitis |
|
|
Term
| 31. Which eye disorders are related to UV exposure? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 32. Pinguecula occurs 90% of the time on the nasal side of the bulbar conjunctiva? |
|
Definition
| • False-Pterygium occurs on the nasal side |
|
|
Term
| 33. The lens is the major refractive surface of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 34. Without pathogenesis the cornea is a vascular surface? |
|
Definition
| False - cornea is avascular |
|
|
Term
| 35. What is the most critical sign for a foreign body? |
|
Definition
| • Finding the particulate matter |
|
|
Term
| 36. Is a corneal abrasion typically an acute presentation or subacute? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 37. What is the most common etiology for corneal ulcers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 38. What is a complication of a corneal ulcer? |
|
Definition
| corneal scaring; obscured vision |
|
|
Term
| 39. Bacterial Keratitis is caused by |
|
Definition
A. Direct corneal trauma
B. Tear film abnormalities
C. Hypoxic trauma from contact lens wear
D. Microbial invasion |
|
|
Term
| 40. What are some complications to bacterial keratitis? |
|
Definition
• Corneal perforation
• Corneal scarring with obscured vision |
|
|
Term
| 41. What is the hallmark sign for Herpes Simplex Keratitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 42. What is Hutchinson’s sign? |
|
Definition
| • If tip of nose is involved, eye is involved in ~75% of cases |
|
|
Term
| 43. What is the presentation hallmark of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus? |
|
Definition
| • A vesicular rash that involves the first division of CN5 that presents in a dermatomal distribution and respects the midline |
|
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Term
| 44. What is the important cause of keratitis in contact lens wearers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 45. The treatment for Hyphema includes all of the following except? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 46. What is the most common cause of corneal degeneration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 47. A 35 year old patient presents to your office with a yellow band of opacity around the periphery of his cornea. What two disease processes would you further investigate? |
|
Definition
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