Term
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Definition
-500 cells per inch, 20 per mm
-average diameter: 50 microm |
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Term
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Definition
-composed of: cellulose
-Function: shape, boundary, structure, growth control, diffusion of material, carbohydrate storage, protection, signaling, cell-cell interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| linearly organized molecules composed of strands of cellulose molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| a hardening agent in older plant cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
-composed of: <25% cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, glycoproteins, some lignin
-Functions: support, maintain internal turgor pressure, growth control, diffusion, protection, signaling |
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Term
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Definition
-in mature cells
-interior to Primary wall
-rigid, support, resists decay
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Term
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Definition
| sticky polysaccharides -make up middle lamella and part of primary walls -provide elasticity |
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Term
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Definition
lubricating layer between cell walls
-made of pectin |
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Term
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Definition
a waxy material that prevents water loss
-in Casparian strip |
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Term
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Definition
outer surface of cytoplasm
-Functions: mediates transport, coordinates cell, wall assembly, signaling, compartmentalization, |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous streaming of cytoplasm, facilitates transport of materials |
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Term
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Definition
a carbohydrate; the chief component of the cell wall
composed of microfibrils of glucose molecules |
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Term
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Definition
-"pits"
membrane-lined tunnels between cells
-symplastic movement
-blocked by secondary cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| the pore itself in the plasmodesmata |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| through symplast, the protoplasm and plasmodesmata |
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Term
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Definition
| living substance in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of: cytoskeleton, nitrogen, amino acids, proteins, sugars, starches, nucleic acids, oils, fats |
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Term
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Definition
Functions; mechanical support, positions organelles, directs growth,
-Composed of: microfilaments(actin filaments), intermediate filaments, microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
Consists of: nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleolus, 2 phospholipid bilayers, proteins, chromosomes, nuclear membrane
-connected to ER |
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Term
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Definition
a cavity within cytoplasm
Function: turgidity (swelling), storage -have vacuolar membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Function: respiration (sugar to energy)
-have own DNA and replication
-bound by membrane, filled with membranes |
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Term
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Definition
membrane-bound organelles in cytoplasm, usually for storage or food manufacture
-include: chloroplasts, chromoplasts, amyloplasts, elaioplasts
-all derive from protoplasts |
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Term
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Definition
Plastids containing chlorophyll
-function: photosynthesis, sugar storage
-grana stacks of thylakoid discs |
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Term
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Definition
synthesize or accumulate red, orange, yellow pigments
-can be derived from chloroplasts with loss of chlorophyll |
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Term
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Definition
storage, Amyloplasts and Elaioplasts
-can become chloroplastsif exposed to light |
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Term
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Definition
synthesize starches
-a Leucoplast |
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Term
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Definition
synthesize oils
-a Leucoplast |
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Term
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Definition
-subunits formed in the nulceolus, assembled in cytoplasm
-1 functioning ribosome = 2 subunits
~20 nm
-found in cytoplasm or surface of ER
-consist of RNA and protein
-Function: protein synthesis
*not surrounded by membrane |
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Term
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Definition
elaborate membrane system
-Function: protein and steroid synthesis, storage, secretion (rough), lipid secretion (smooth), membrane synthesis -rough is covered with ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
compressed sacs in cytoplasm
-Function: carbohydrate storage
-originate in ER |
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Term
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Definition
polysaccharide like cellulose but more soluble, less ordered
-mainly in cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| protoplasm dies, but cell wall remains intact |
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Term
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Definition
pair of membranes surrounding nucleus
-have many pores for passage of materials
-may be continuous with the ER |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a small, spherical body in nucleus composed mainly of rRNA being transcribed
-site of ribosomal subunit production |
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Term
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Definition
supporting tissue that dies at maturity
-Fibers and sclerids
-often thick secondary walls with lignin |
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Term
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Definition
| a sclerechyma cell with thick secondary wall with many pits |
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Term
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Definition
an elongated schlerenchyma cell without cytoplasm
-spiraling secondary growth |
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Term
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Definition
A water-conducting cell of xylem
-very elongated
-water moves through remnant pit fields (donuts) on sides
-closed at top and bottom |
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Term
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Definition
water conducting cells of the xylem
-attach longitudinally
-open at top and bottom
-composed of vessel members
-dead
-lignin secondary growth spirals |
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Term
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Definition
star-shaped cells with triangle air pockets
-Function: source of oxygen/gasses in tissues submerged in water |
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Term
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Definition
1. cell plate formed (phragmoplast)
2. thick layer of cellulose strands form wall
3. plasmodesmata remain for transport between daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
-Cytokinesis
-Interphase: |
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Term
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Definition
-chromosomes condense, become visible
-nuclear wall breaks down
-spindle forms |
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Term
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Definition
-nuclear envelope fragments
-spindle fibers attach to kinetochores |
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Term
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Definition
| -chromosomes align along equator of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| -sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of cell |
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Term
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Definition
-nuclear membranes form around the daughter nuclei
-chromosomes decondense
-spindle disappears |
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Term
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Definition
| cytoplasm of daughter cells separate |
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Term
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Definition
| cells resume normal function or enter mitosis again |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DNA synthesis is complete |
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Term
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Definition
| the complex of DNA and histone proteins that forms chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| region of DNA in prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts |
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Term
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Definition
| clusters of ribosomes actively synthesizing proteins |
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Term
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Definition
1. Actin/Microfilaments
2. Intermediate filaments
3. microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
-4-7 nm diameter
-composed of protein actin
-functions: deposit cells wall, cytoplasmic streaming, nuclear movement |
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Term
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Definition
-8-12 nm
-linear fibrous proteins in a coil |
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Term
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Definition
18-25 nm diameter
-proteins: alpha/beta tubulin
-functions: cell division |
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Term
| 8 features of plant cells not in animal cells |
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Definition
1. cell walls
2. cellulose
3. lignin
4. chlorophyll
5. plastids
6. plasmodesmata
7. cell plates
8. vacuoles |
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Term
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Definition
| cell plate formed during mitotic division |
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Term
| Primary cell wall composition (%) |
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Definition
5% protein
25% cellulose
30% pectin
40% other carbohydrates |
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Term
| Secondary cell wall composition (%) |
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Definition
35-50% cellulose
10-25% lignin
20-35% hemicelluloses |
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