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Definition
| Development of distinctive behavioral styles and increasingly complex understanding |
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| Development of increasingly sophisticated understanding of other people and of society as a whole, increased interpersonal skills and internalized standards for behavior |
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| Characteristic ways in which an individual behaves in a wide range of circumstances – result of heredity and environmental factors |
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| Genetic predisposition to respond in particular ways to one’s physical and social environments |
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| Attachment, parenting styles, and child maltreatment |
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| Strong, affectionate bond formed between a child and a caregiver |
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| General pattern of behavior that a parent uses in rearing his or her own child |
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| Characterized by emotional warmth, high standards for behavior, explanation and consistent enforcement of rules, and inclusion of children in decision making. Children tend to be happy, self-confident, curious… |
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| Conveys less emotional warmth, hold high expectations and standards, establish rules of behavior, expect rules to be followed without question, little give-and-take. Children tend to be unhappy, anxious, low self confidence… |
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| Providing a loving, supportive home environment, holding few expectations or standards for child’s behavior, rarely punishing inappropriate behavior, allow children to make their own decisions, children tend to be selfish, unmotivated, disobedient… |
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| Providing little emotional support for children, holding few expectations or standards, shows little interest, seems overwhelmed by self-focused personal problems, children tend to be demanding, disobedient, low self-control. |
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| Consistent neglect or abuse of a child that jeopardizes he child’s physical and psychological well-being |
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| Process of molding a child’s behavior and beliefs to be appropriate for his or her cultural group |
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| - sense of confusion when a student Encounters a culture with behavioral expectations very different from those previously learned |
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| Development of a Sense of Self |
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Definition
| Perceptions, beliefs, judgements, and feelings about oneself as a person; includes self concept and self esteem |
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| Factors influencing sense of self |
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Definition
-previous performance
-behaviors of others
-group membership and achievement |
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| Awareness of one’s membership in a particular ethnic or cultural group and willingness to adopt behaviors characteristic of the group |
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| Autonomy vs shame and doubt |
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| Identity vs role confusion |
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| Generativity vs stagnation |
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| Belief that one is the center of attention in any social situation |
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| Belief that one is completely unlike anyone else and so cannot be understood by others |
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| Self constructed definition of who one is and what things are important in life |
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| No commitment to a particular career path or ideological belief system |
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| Firm commitment to an occupation, a particular set of beliefs, choices mostly based on what parents say without exploration for themselves |
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| After going through a period of moratorium, commitment to an occupation, particular political or religious beliefs, or both |
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| Role of peers in children’s development |
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Definition
-Provide an arena for learning -practicing a variety of social skills
-conflict resolution
-social and emotional support |
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Definition
| Phenomenon whereby age- mates strongly encourage some behaviors and discourage others |
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Definition
| Self-motivated tendency to conform to what one believes are other people’s expectations for behavior |
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| Characteristics of peer relationships |
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Definition
-Friendships
-larger social groups
-gangs,
-romantic relationship
-popularity
-social isolation |
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Definition
| Moderately stable friendship group of perhaps three to ten members |
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Definition
| Large, loose-knit social group that shares common interest and attitudes |
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Definition
| Group that resists the ways of the dominant culture and adopts its own norms for behavior |
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Definition
Cohesive social group characterized by -initiation rites
-distinctive colors and symbols -territorial orientation
-feuds with rival groups |
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| Student whom many peers like and perceive to be kind and trustworthy |
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| Student whom many peers identify as being an undesirable social partner |
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| Peers have no strong feelings, either pos or neg |
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| Process of thinking about how other people are likely to think, act, react. |
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| Ability to look at a situation from someone else’s viewpoint |
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| General understanding of one’s own and other peoples mental and psychological states (feelings, thoughts) |
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| Thinking about what other people may be thinking about oneself |
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| Mental processes involved in understanding and responding to social events |
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| Action intentionally taken to hurt another either physically or psychologically |
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| Action that could potentially cause body injury |
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| Can adversely affect interpersonal relationship |
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| Deliberate aggression against another as a means of obtaining a desired goal |
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| Aggressive response to frustration or provocation |
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| Frequently threats, harasses, or causes injury to another person |
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| Hostile attributional bias |
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Definition
| Tendency to interpret others’ behaviors as reflecting hostile or aggressive intentions |
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Term
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Definition
-Provide opportunities for interaction
- help students interpret social situations accurately and productively
- praise appropriate behaviors -establish and enforce acceptable behaviors |
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Definition
| Promoting well-being of another |
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| Standards about right and wrong |
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| Action that causes harm or violate the needs or rights of others |
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| Conventional transgression |
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Definition
| Action that violates a cultures general expectations regarding socially appropriate behavior |
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| Discomfort at causing someone else pain or harm |
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| Embarrassment after failing to meet standards |
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| Sharing the same feelings as someone in unfortunate circumstances |
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| Feeling sad for someone else |
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| Two or more peoples rights or needs may be different and morally correct action is not clear-cut |
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Lack of internal standards about right and wrong, decision based on
what is best for oneself |
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| Uncritical acceptance of society’s conventions about right and wrong |
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| Postconventional morality |
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Definition
Thinking with self-developed, abstract principles regarding right and
wrong |
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| Explanation of why a certain behavior is unacceptable |
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Term
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Definition
| Promotes learning and development through contributing to the betterment of others and community at large |
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