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Educational Psychology
MZC1 WGU
36
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
06/06/2016

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Cards

Term
Skinner
Definition
Used rats in his experiments. Had the rats go in to a box and push a lever to get a reward. First to use operant conditioning. ABA
Term
Pavlov
Definition
Used dogs in his experiments. First to use classical conditioning. Would ring a bell before giving meat to the dogs until the sound of the bell alone made the dogs salivate.
Term
Premack Principal
Definition
If Then If you do your homework then you can go outside. First do something that is non-preferred to get something that is preferred.
Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
Presenting a neutral stimulus and turning into a conditioned stimulus.
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
Consequences for actions
Term
Bandura
Definition
Modeling, observational learning, Vicarious learning
Term
Michenbaum
Definition
Self regulated learning Self reinforcement
Term
continuous theories of development
Definition
Theories based on the belief that human development progresses smoothly and gradually from infancy to adulthood.
Term
discontinuous theories of development
Definition
Theories describing human development as occurring through a fixed sequence of distinct, predictable stages governed by inborn factors.
Term
cognitive development
Definition
Gradual, orderly changes by which mental processes become more complex and sophisticated.
Term
adaptation
Definition
The process of adjusting schemes in response to the environment by means of assimilation and accommodation.
Term
assimilation
Definition
Understanding new experiences in terms of existing schemes.
Term
accommodation
Definition
Modifying existing schemes to fit new situations.
Term
equilibration
Definition
The process of restoring balance between present understanding and new experiences.
Term
constructivism
Definition
View of cognitive development that emphasizes the active role of learners in building their own understanding of reality.
Term
Piaget’s Stages of Development
Definition
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
Term
Sensorimotor
Definition
Birth to 2 years
Formation of concept of “object permanence” and gradual progression from reflexive behavior to goal-directed behavior.
Term
Preoperational
Definition
2 to 7 years
Development of the ability to use symbols to represent objects in the world. Thinking remains egocentric and centered.
Term
Concrete operational
Definition
7 to 11 years
Improvement in ability to think logically. New abilities include the use of operations that are reversible. Thinking is decentered, and problem solving is less restricted by egocentrism. Abstract thinking is not possible.
Term
Formal operational
Definition
11 years to adulthood
Abstract and purely symbolic thinking possible. Problems can be solved through the use of systematic experimentation.
Term
object permanence
Definition
Understanding that an object exists even if it is out of sight.
Term
conservation
Definition
The concept that certain properties of an object (such as weight) remain the same regardless of changes in other properties (such as length).
Term
centration
Definition
Paying attention to only one aspect of an object or situation.
Term
reversibility
Definition
The ability to perform a mental operation and then reverse one’s thinking to return to the starting point.
Term
egocentric
Definition
Believing that everyone views the world as you do.
Term
inferred reality
Definition
The meaning of stimuli in the context of relevant information.
Term
seriation
Definition
Arranging objects in sequential order according to one aspect, such as size, weight, or volume.
Term
transitivity
Definition
A skill learned during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development in which individuals can mentally arrange and compare objects.
Term
STAD
Definition
Student Teams–Achievement Divisions
A cooperative learning method for mixed-ability groupings involving team recognition and group responsibility for individual learning.
Term
TGT
Definition
Teams–Games–Tournaments, students play games with members of other teams to add points to their team scores.
Term
CIRC
Definition
Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition
A comprehensive program for teaching reading and writing in the upper elementary grades; students work in four-member cooperative learning teams.
Term
Jigsaw
Definition
A cooperative learning model in which students are assigned to six-member teams to work on academic material that has been broken down into sections for each member.
Term
Learning Together
Definition
A cooperative learning model in which students in four- or five-member heterogeneous groups work together on assignments.
Term
Group Investigation
Definition
A cooperative learning model in which students work in small groups using cooperative inquiry, group discussion, and cooperative planning and projects, afterward making presentations to the whole class on their findings.
Term
PALS
Definition
A structured cooperative learning method in which students work in pairs taking turns as teacher and learner, using specific metacognitive strategies.
Term
cooperative scripting
Definition
A study method in which students work in pairs and take turns orally summarizing sections of material to be learned.
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