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Educational Psychology
Test 2
27
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
11/26/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Kohlberg's Theory

3 Levels

Definition

Level 1: Preconventional (up to 9 years)

Level 2: Conventional (9 years to high school)

Level 3: Postconventional (College to rare adults)

Term
Level 1: Preconventional 
Definition

Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation

(that which is punished is bad)

 

Stage 2: naive instrumental hedonism 

(act motivated by its hedonistic consequences for the actor)

Term
Level 2: Conventional
Definition

Stage 3: "Good-boy" "Nice-girl" morality

(reactions of others and the effects of the act on social relationships become important)

 

Stage 4: Law-and-order orientation

(institutions, law, duty, honor, and guilt motivate behavior)

Term
Level 3: Post-Conventional
Definition

Stage 5: Morality of social contract

 

Stage 6: Universal Ethical

Term
Preconventional
Definition

Avoid punishment

Receive benefits in return

Term
Conventional
Definition

Impress others

Respect Authority

Term
Post-Conventional
Definition

Manual agreements

Consistent principles (self-chosen principles, weigh all the factors and make the most appropriate decisions)

Term
Carol Gilligan 
Definition

1. Selfish orientation (orientation toward survival)- what is practical and best for self

school application- a first grader insists on playing only games she chooses when playing with a friend

 

2. recognition of responsibility to others (goodness as self-sacrifice)

school application- how older, the same girl may believe she must play the games her friend chooses, even if she herself does not like them 

 

3. a responsibility to self and others (includes non-violence) hurting anyone is seen as immoral

school application- girl realizes that both friends must enjoy their time together and look for activities that both her friend and she can enjoy

 

Term
product
Definition
needs and abilities in association with societal forces
Term

Eric Erikson

Crises 

Definition

Crises has two sides.

1. opportunity for growth

2. bring up earlier crises

Term

Eric Erikson's Stages of Man

Stage One

Definition

Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 18 months)

  • trust is a feeling of comfort and minimal amount of fear and apprehension
  • i am what i am given. will someone be present for me?
  • psychosocial strength, hope, which is an openness to new experiences with awareness that danger might aris

Term

Eric Erikson's Stages of Man 

Stage Two

Definition

Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

  • the beginnings of self-control and confidence responsibility for self-care including feeling, dressing, and toileting, locomotion and speech is advancing
  • psychosocial strength will i am what i will choice making becomes important independence develops

Term

Eric Erikson's Stages of Man

Stage Three

 

Definition

Initiative vs. guilt (3 to 6 years)

  • initiative adds to autonomy the qualities of understanding and planning tasks
  • play and fantasy take on importance
  • psychosocial strength purpose within limits one can act on the world intentionally
  • offer a choice and a voice
  • parent's challenge is to not have their child loose zest for doing

Term

Eric Erikson's Stages of Man

Stage Four

Definition

Industry vs. inferiority (6 to 12 years)

  • I am what I learn. psychosocial strength competence.
  • challenges child, has to balance leaving home, going to school, making friends

Term

Eric Erikson's Stages of Man

Stage Five

Definition

Identity vs. role confusion (12-18 years)

  • Who am I? I am the roles I assume.
  • Middle school students are making the transition from industry to the identity stage,
  • pressure is often present to prematurely develop an identity
  • psychosocial strength: fidelity, which is a belief in one's self and capabilities

Term

Eric Erikson's Stages of Man

Stage Six

Definition

Intimacy vs. Isolation (20's and 30's, 18-35)

  • finding oneself, yet losing oneself in another person
  • psychosexual strength: love, we are what we love, true intimacy involves a commitment to each other which leads to solidarity

Term

Eric Erikson's Stages of Man

Stage Seven

Definition

Generation vs. self-absorption (middle adulthood, 35-60)

  • I am what I teach.
  • Psychosocial strength: care.
  • Service to others.

Term

Eric Erikson's Stages of Man

Stage Eight

Definition

Ego Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood)

  • assiming new roles with diminished health and a weakening body.
  • retrospective glances in looking back over one's life will there be ego integrity or despair?
  • psychosocial strength: wisdom and confidence
  • I am what survives me.

Term

James Marcia- an Eriksonian researcher

The Four Identity Statuses

Definition

  1. identity foreclosure
  2. identity diffusion
  3. identity moratorium- process of exploring but haven't commutted
  4. identity achievement- done exploring and have committed

Term

James Marcia

Perspective Identity Achiever

Definition
adolescents are grouped into statuses according to meaningful alternatives and commitment regarding self and life
Term

Jean Piaget

Four stages of Intellect

Stage One

Definition

Sensorymotor (birth to 2)

children take in world through senses, reflexive, lack object permanence, egocentric thinking

Term

Jean Piaget

Four Stages of Intellect

Stage Two

Definition

Preoperational (2 to 7)

language and motor skills develop, pre-concept substage lack conservation, can't perform operations

Term

Jean Piaget

Four Stages of Intellect

Stage Three

Definition

Concrete Operations (7 to 11)

less egocentric and understand the viewpoints of others, can seriate, use concrete representation

Term

Jean Piaget

Four Stages of Intellect

Stage Four

Definition
(don't have)
Term

Lev Vygotsky- a social constructivist theorist

2PD

Definition
the range of skills knowledge and understanding an individual cannot yet perform or comprehend on his/her own but could master with guidance or assistance 
Term

Lev Vygotsky

Scaffolding

Definition

the changing level of support provided to the learner

 

(teaching a child to ride a bike)

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