Term
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Definition
1. Sensory or Working Memory
2. Short Term Memory
3. Long Term Memory |
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Term
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Definition
1. Information is taken in through the sensory memory
2. Through attention and perception memory is either moved to short term memory or lost.
3. Information in the short term memory is incorporated into pre existing knowledge through encoding and stored in long term memory
4. Information in long term memory can be recovered through retrieval. |
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Term
| Attention Getting Strategies |
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Definition
Clapping patterns
voice command
hand gestures
brainbusters
flashing lights |
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Term
| Types of attention getters |
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Definition
orienting stimuli
emphatic stimuli |
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Term
| Ways to address working memory deficits |
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Definition
1. Use chunking
2. Repetition |
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Term
| 3 Processes to facilitate rehearsal and promote storage |
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Definition
1. Information Process
(compare/contrast charts, venn diagrams, outlines, concept maps)
2. Elaboration
(analogies, comparing to previous experiences and content)
3. Mnemonics
(memory devices) |
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Term
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Definition
| definition: regrouping items into smaller and more meaningful units |
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Term
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Definition
| definition: process of encouraging rehearsal and storage that focuses on analogies and relating to real life experiences |
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Term
| Procedural Knowledge and schemas |
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Definition
| definition: knowledge of a material content and preconceived notions about the procedure and results |
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Term
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Definition
| definition: process of assimilating new information into previously formed schemas of memory |
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Term
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Definition
| definition: cognitive processes connecting past experience with present stimulus situation |
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Term
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Definition
1. Create an Acronym
(HOMES)
2. Mnemonic phrase
(Sober physicists don't find giraffes in kitchens)
3. Put information to a beat
(preposition song) |
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Term
| 3 Conditions necessary for conceptual change |
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Definition
1. Cognitive disequilibrium
2. Alternative explanation that makes sense
3. new conception must make sense in real life context |
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Term
| Strategies for Promoting Conceptual Change |
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Definition
Demonstrate real life examples that counteract misconceptions through videos and online simulations.
Have students conduct experiments that show results counteracting misconceptions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Constructivist approach that focuses on the students schemas and misconceptions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Constructivist approach that focuses on social interactions role in learning. |
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Term
| Role of Constructivist Teachers |
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Definition
| Teachers do less lecturing and instead guide student directed learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| definition: knowing is connected to an action within specific contexts |
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Term
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Definition
| definition: outlining content around a central idea, then branching out to supporting ideas, then branching out to supporting details |
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Term
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Definition
| definition: process of thinking about ones own thinking |
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Term
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Definition
Outlining key concepts
summarizing content
drawing conclusions from experiments
making a concept map
review material more than once |
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Term
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Definition
Method of teaching study skills
Survey
Question
Read
Recite
Review |
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Term
| 5 Factors that effect the transfer of learning |
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Definition
1. The perceptions of program participants.
2. The program design.
3. The program content.
4. Changes required to apply learning.
5. Organizational context. |
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Term
| Steps of Ausubel's Expository Method |
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Definition
1. Introduce lesson with an advance organizer
2. Have students deductively explore the detailed content
3. Lecture content |
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Term
| Advantages of Ausubel's Expository Method |
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Definition
time efficient
student directed learning as well as teacher directed |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Ausubel's Expository Method |
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Definition
| still significant lecturing by teacher |
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Term
| Steps of Bruner's Discovery Learning |
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Definition
1. Introduce a novel stimulus
2. allow student directed inductive exploration of content
3. offer teacher feedback and encouragement |
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Term
| Advantages of Discovery Learning |
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Definition
More student centered approach to learning
less teacher lectures |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Discovery Learning |
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Definition
| more time consuming method |
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Term
| Specialization Functions of Left Hemisphere |
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Definition
Logic centered side of brain
better with pencil and paper assignments
high verbal functioning |
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Term
| Specialization Functions of Right Hemisphere |
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Definition
intuitive thinking
center for creative expression
creative projects
more nonverbal communication |
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Term
| Guidelines for teaching both Hemispheres |
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Definition
1. Deal with concepts both verbally and visually
2. Discuss concepts logically and intuitively
3. Design activities for both hemispheres (paper/pencil and creative projects)
4. Avoid sending students conflicting messages by aligning verbal and nonverbal communication |
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Term
| 3 Research findings about how the adolescent brain works |
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Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic Learning Theories of Motivation |
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Definition
1. Intrinsic cognitive theory
- focuses on the learners cognitive processes and misconceptions
2. Intrinsic Humanistic
- focuses on meeting deficiency of needs, motivated to learn something to meet needs |
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Term
| Extrinsic Learning Theory of Motivation |
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Definition
| Motivation theory that is based in behaviorism and focuses on reinforcers |
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Term
| Problems with Extrinsic Motivation |
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Definition
1. students becaome satiate with reinforcers
2. when reinforcers are removed, students can lose motivation
3. stop learning for sake of learning |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that learners will be motivated to learn if they expect to be succesful at task and success at task will be of value |
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Term
| Cognitive Disequilibrium (Intrinsic Motivation) |
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Definition
| Piaget's theory that a discrepant event arouses curiosity and need for cognitive balance promotes intrinsic motivation |
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Term
| Self-Determination Theory (Intrinsic Motivation) |
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Definition
| Theory that 3 psychological needs drive intrinsic motivation. The need for competence, autonomy or control, and relatedness. |
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Term
| Attribution Theory (Intrinsic Motivation) |
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Definition
| Theory that intrinsic motivation comes from the need to assign a cause to an event. Cause can be assigned to internal or external locuses of control. |
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Term
| Self-Efficacy Theory (Intrinsic Motivation) |
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Definition
| Theory that intrinsic motivation is derive from the learner's belief that he or she can execute a certain task, or confidence in cognitive functioning. |
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Term
| Internal Locus of Control |
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Definition
| definition: attribute causes of events to internal factors such as skills and ability |
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Term
| External Locus of Control |
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Definition
| definition: attribute causes of events to external factors such as luck or task difficulty |
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Term
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Definition
| definition: pessimistic explanatory style where students use excuses such as "I'm just not a good reader" as an explanation of their failures |
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Term
| Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs |
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Definition
Physiological
Safety
Belonging
Self Esteem
Intellectual achievement
Aesthetic Appreciation
Self Actualization |
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Term
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Definition
Physiological
(food, water, shelter, ect)
Safety
(safe home, school, work environment)
Belongingness
(friendships, personal interactions, family, love)
Self Esteem
(self confidence, pride, self worth) |
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Term
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Definition
Intellectual Achievement
(problem solving)
Aesthetic Appreciatoin
(creative pursuits)
Self Actualization
(Morality) |
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Term
| Accommodating Physiological Needs |
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Definition
-classroom seating and arrangement
- make time for students to move around
- have water avaliable |
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Term
| Accommodating Safety Needs |
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Definition
- rules for physical contact in classroom and hallways
- rules like no running and tie your shoes
- create an anti bullying campaign |
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Term
| Accommodate Belonging Needs |
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Definition
- have students work in permanent groups or tables
- do full class room group activities
- assign partners |
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Term
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Definition
Environment conducive to student exploration of content
more student directed |
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Term
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Definition
Environment centered on student assessment and improvement
more teacher directed |
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Term
| 4 Components of Self Regulation |
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Definition
1. Metacognition
2. setting personal goals
3. goal monitoring strategies
4. adjusting goal strategies |
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Term
| 4 Forms of Differential Treatment |
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Definition
1. Emotional Support
2. Teacher Effort and Demands
3. Questioning
4. Teacher evaluation and feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| differential treatment where teachers interact more with high achievers |
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Term
| Teacher Efforts and Demands |
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Definition
| differential treatment where teachers expect more complete answers and give more detailed instructions to high achievers |
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Term
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Definition
| differential treatment where teachers call on high achieving students more often |
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Term
| Teacher feedback and evaluation |
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Definition
| differential treatment where teachers give more constructive feedback and praise high achievers more and criticize them less |
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Term
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Definition
| Idea that students who are treated with lower expectations then fulfill the standard of achieving lower |
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Term
| Personal Training Efficacy and its effect on learning |
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Definition
| Teacher that cannont properly implement teaching strategies to relate concepts to students can lead to students losing motivation and becoming more averse to subjects and education in general |
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