Term
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Definition
| 5c compound that fixes carbon in light independent stage |
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Term
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Definition
| 3C intermediate in light independent stage that is reduced to GAP |
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Term
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Definition
| supplies energy for photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| stage in photosynthesis that needs reduced NADP and ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane holding electron transport chain proteins and chlorophyll |
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Term
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Definition
| stacked membranes in a chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
| series of proteins on a membrane that pass electrons to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| the space inside the chloroplast where light independent reactions occur |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces the activation energy for a metabolic reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic carbon, raw material for light independent stage of photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of carbon dioxide in a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| gain of electrons or hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| electron carrying coenzyme in photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| production of ATP using light energy |
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Term
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Definition
| splitting of water by chlorophyll in light dependent reaction of photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| raw material providing hydrogen and electrons for the light dependent stage of photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| biochemical containing C H O N and sometimes S |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid mosaic that holds and organises specialised proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| traps light and provides electrons to electron transport chain, protein containing magnesium |
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Term
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Definition
| fuel produced by light independent reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| flow of hydrogen ions releasing energy for ATP production |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by reduction of GP with the help of NADP and ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme catalysing the first step in the light independent reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| production of biomolecules from glucose e.g. amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids |
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Term
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Definition
| production of biomass by photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| production of biomass by photosynthesis after respiration losses have been subtracted |
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Term
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Definition
| use of glucose and other fuels in plant cells to recycle ADP and Pi to store energy as ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| position in food chain e.g. producer or secondary consumer |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of organic and inorganic carbon in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrolysis and use of biomolecules by saprophytes e.g. bacteria and fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| primary consumer using dead matter as source of food |
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Term
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Definition
| organism that uses organic carbon compounds for nutrition e.g. carnivore, parasite |
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Term
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Definition
| organism that produces organic carbon compounds from inorganic carbon compounds e.g. green plants |
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Term
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Definition
| fuel produced by organisms e.g. methane, biomass (wood), ethanol |
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Term
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Definition
| factor involving organisms e.g. predation, competition |
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Term
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Definition
| factor involving physical factors e.g. temperature, water availability |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| how many organisms are in a certain place at a certain time |
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Term
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Definition
| square area used for sampling |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic sampling method of placing quadrats or taking samples along a line |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of light energy landing on a given area in a given time |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| relating to gradient of land |
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Term
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Definition
| simple trap for sampling invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
| the area covered by a plant species in a quadrat |
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Term
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Definition
| the role of an organism in an ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| a place where particular organisms live |
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Term
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Definition
| the progression of different communities with time |
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Term
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Definition
| the stable community of organisms when successional change stops |
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Term
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Definition
| gas that interacts with short wavelength radiation e.g. infra red in the atmosphere |
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Term
| methane and carbon dioxide |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| using satellites to measure e.g. earth's surface temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| using pollen grains in sediments to make conclusions about changes to communities and infer changes in climate |
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Term
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Definition
| using tree ring measurements to make conclusions about changes in climate |
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Term
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Definition
| using patterns of factors such as rainfall and temperature to make predictions about climate change |
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Term
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Definition
| using past and present climate measurements to predict future climates |
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Term
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Definition
| supply air from ancient atmospheres to allow measurement of gases such as carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| when there is a lack of agreement between different viewpoints |
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Term
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Definition
| warming of the planet through interactions of the atmosphere on radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of the same species are unable to interbreed, a driving force for evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of a new species |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in allele frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| a change to the base sequence of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| process where differential survival results in evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| using the structure of proteins to make conclusions about evolutionary change |
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Term
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Definition
| publishing information after it has been checked by experts |
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Term
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Definition
| a way that current knowledge is shared with scientists working in the same area |
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Term
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Definition
| the way that 3 DNA bases represent 1 amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| where the DNA triplet code is read in sequence, 3 bases at a time |
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Term
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Definition
| where each amino acid is represented by several base sequences (triplets) |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme catalysing formation of mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| copy of genetic code of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| transports specific amino acids and positions it so that peptide bonds form in the ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| protein manufacturing organelle in cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| copying of genetic code in nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of polypeptide in the cytoplasm using the mRNA copy on ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 DNA bases coding for a single amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 mRNA bases coding for a single amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 tRNA bases complementary to mRNA codon |
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Term
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Definition
| sequences of 3 bases that code for each of the 20 amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nitrogenous base in RNA and DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| nitrogenous base in RNA and DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nitrogenous base in RNA and DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| compound of phosphorus and oxygen in ATP, phospholipid, DNA, RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| pair of bases with shape allowing H bonds to hold them together (A-T, C-G, A-U) |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA strand used to form mRNA, code for amino acids in a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of bases on a DNA molecule coding for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| position of a specific gene on a specific chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| error in DNA replication that alters the primary structure of a protein |
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Term
| post-transcriptional processing |
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Definition
| the splicing together of exons to produce different mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| using short repeating regions of junk DNA to determine genetic relationships in plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure to amplify pieces of DNA, producing many identical copies |
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Term
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Definition
| heat tolerant form of DNA polymerase used in PCR |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial enzyme used to cut DNA at specific base sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| separating DNA fragments by size by passing a current across a gel |
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Term
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Definition
| material in bacteria cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| protective layer around bacterial cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| organism without a nucleus e.g. bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| used by bacteria for movement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| central protein case of a virus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| used by virus to attach to specific receptors on host cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme carried by HIV and used to produce DNA copies of its nucleic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme e.g. in tears acts as a barrier to microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by the stomach to protect the body from pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganisms in the gut and skin competing with potential pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| protein in skin that makes it an effective barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| response to histamine increasing blood flow to a damaged area |
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Term
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Definition
| messenger produced by infected cells to reduce infection of other cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substance, usually protein on a cell surface used in recognition |
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Term
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Definition
| lymphocyte producing antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| lymphocyte that activates B and T killer cells |
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Term
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Definition
| white blood cell that engulfs and digests dead cells and microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| variable protein that clumps microorganisms for disposal by phagocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| immunity produced by an infection or passed on from mother to baby |
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Term
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Definition
| immunity passed on without contact with a microorganism e.g. serum injection or across placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| immunity produced by contact with a microorganism or antigen e.g. infection and vaccination |
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Term
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Definition
| immunity produced by serum or vaccination |
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Term
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Definition
| protein on the surface of t lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor on the surface of HIV |
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Term
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Definition
| structure in lung damaged by TB |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| drug to treat bacterial or fungal infection |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that kills microorganisms on surfaces and used to reduce infections in hospitals |
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Term
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Definition
| hospital acquired infection |
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Term
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Definition
| mutation caused strains of bacterial that do not react to drugs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| using type and succession of insects to estimate a time of death |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of muscle after death |
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Term
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Definition
| cycle in light independent stage of photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| units of energy production in an ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| production in a living thing |
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Term
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Definition
| used to represent the productivity of trophic levels in an ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| the best way to represent the productivity of trophic levels in an ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| use to represent the feeding relationships in an ecosystem |
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