Term
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Definition
| Volume of blood moving during a particular time: |
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Term
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Definition
| Flow steamlines are alined and parallel, associate with normal physiology |
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Term
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Definition
| Parallel blood flow, red blood cells are aligned like a wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bullet shaped profile "Highest velocity is in the center of the lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| Parallel steamlines area altered , found at at stenosis or bif. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when blood moves with a variable velocity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chaotic flow patterns in many different directions and at many speeds |
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Term
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Definition
| vortex appear as a small hurricane like swirling, rotational patterns in turbulent flow.. Turbulence is distal to stenosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal sound associated with turbulent flow, |
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Term
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Definition
| Turbulence that is converted into a vibration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood flows when tht total fluid energy at one location differ from the total fluid energy at another location |
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Term
| Kenetic, pressure, gravitational |
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Definition
| Types of energy associated with blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy associated with a moving object |
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Term
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Definition
| Potential or stored energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Associate with elevation energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood overcomming its internal stickiness |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy is converted to heat as one object rubs against another |
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Term
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Definition
| Relates to the tendency of a fluid to resist changes in its velocity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accelerating and deacceleration flow |
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Term
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Definition
| When blood moves with a variable velocity |
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Term
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Definition
| Found at stenosis, Velocity, which increases as blood flow through a stenosis is maximum at the most severe narrowin of the vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
| A narrowing in the lumen of a vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in flow direction, increased velocity as vessel narrows, turbulence downstream from the stenosis, pressure gradient across the stenosis, loss of pusatitlity. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When a fluid moves at a constant speed or velocity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compairs blood flow with electrical flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Predicts the volume of flow of moving fluids. Assumes that there is no stenosis and you have to have a long narrow straight tube. |
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Term
| Pressure difference increases |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Volume flow rate must remain constant across a vessel even with stenosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flow resistance increases |
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Term
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Definition
| Travels from a high pressure to a low pressure, to maintain a constant flow rate the blood must travel faster through the stenosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pressure at the area of the stenosis must decrease explains, drop in pressure associated with high flow speeds at a stenosis |
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Term
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Definition
| predicts the onset of turbulent flow, when _________ reaches 2000 this is when turbulence occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| The change of the veins sizes through increased pressure of the veins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure that acts to expand the veins |
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Term
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Definition
| Relates to the weight of blood pressing on a vessel measurement at a hight above or below the heart level |
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Term
| Can be taken anywhere, because everything is at the level of the heart. |
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Definition
| Blood pressure of a supine individual can be taken where: |
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Term
| The pressure will be lower than normal at the head and higher than normal at the feet. |
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Definition
| What would you find the blood pressure to be if the patient was standing? |
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Term
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Definition
| When you exhale, blood flow in the arms and thorax does what |
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Term
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Definition
| When you inhale the blood flow in the thorax and arms |
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Term
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Definition
| When the sound beam hits a moving object |
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Term
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Definition
| Extractions of the Doppler shift |
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Term
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Definition
| Typical Doppler shift frequencys: |
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Term
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Definition
| Reflected frequency - transmitted frequency =? |
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Term
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Definition
| Red blood cells moving toward the transducer yealds |
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Term
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Definition
| When red blood cells are moving away from the transducer yeilds? |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicates the distance a red blood cell travels in 1 sec. |
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Term
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Definition
| Magnitude with direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 x speed of blood x transducer frequency x cosine of angle/ propigation speed = |
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Term
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Definition
| Doppler shift depends on the: |
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Term
| 2 represent a double Doppler shift |
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Definition
| Why is there a 2 in the Doppler equation? |
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Term
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Definition
| Doppler shift and Transducer frequency are: |
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Term
| Measurement of the Doppler frequency |
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Definition
| The relationship between the direction and blood cell is traveling, and th direction in which the sound wave propagates |
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Term
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Definition
| determines how much velocity is measured when the sound beam and flow direction are not parallel |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| what is the relationship between the actual velocity and measured velocity when the blood moves "perpendicular" to the sound beam? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the relationship between actual velocity and measured velocity when the blood moves at at "60degree angle" to the beam? |
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Term
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Definition
| Very basic Doppler, "is there flow but not directional" "noncoherent" |
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Term
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Definition
| Distinguishes the direction of flow "Phase quadrature" |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of graphically displaying the Doppler shift: |
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Term
| Advantage of continuous wave Doppler |
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Definition
| Accurately measure very high velocitys |
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Term
| Disadvantage of continuous wave Doppler |
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Definition
| Range ambiguity is associated with: |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| There is not backing or dampening material found in this transducer: |
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Term
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Definition
| How many crystals are in pulse wave transducer? |
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Term
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Definition
| Advantage of Pulse wave Doppler: |
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Term
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Definition
| Disadvantaged of pulse wave Doppler: |
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Term
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Definition
| False identity, not accurate when measuring high velocity: |
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Term
| produce 2D images and perform Doppler |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Only occurs with pulse wave Doppler: |
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Term
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Definition
| Determines if you will have aliasing or not: |
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Term
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Definition
| PRF _________ as it penetrates deeper. |
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Term
| lower freq has less chance of aliasing |
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Definition
| How does transducer frequency affect aliasing? |
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Term
| Adjust the scale to its maximum, select lower freq transducer, Manipulate to a shallower depth, Use continuous wave Doppler, Use baseline shift. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Related to amplitude of the reflected frequency or # of red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Two crystas. range ambiguity, umlimited max level |
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Term
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Definition
| One crystal, range resoulution, limit on max velostiy aliasing |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal incidence (90 degree), higher frequency (improves resolution), pulse wave. |
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Term
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Definition
| 0 degree to 180 degree incidence, lower frequency (avoids aliasing), pulse wave or continuous wave |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Two primary types of color maps (dictionaries) |
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Definition
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Term
| Color changes up and down, but not side to side. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Color above the baseline means flow is going? |
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Term
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Definition
| Color below the baseline means flow is _________ from the transducer? |
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Term
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Definition
Allows us to identify turbulent flow
Left sided colors – indicate laminar flow (usually red & blue)
Right sided colors – indicate turbulent flow (usually yellow & green) |
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Term
| Three components of a color: |
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Definition
| Hue, Saturation, Luminance |
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Term
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Definition
| Color that is seen by viewer. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of color (Hue)in the shades of white. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brightness of the color or saturation. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3-20 pulses are usually used |
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Term
| Disadvantage of using more pulses. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Angle independent, no aliasing, improved sensitivity, No direction or flow speed information, lower frame rate, susceptible to motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Picking up movement of the artery wall. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tool that breaks down complex signal into a basic form and identifies individual velocities which make up the reflected Doppler shift. |
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Term
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Definition
| Area between baseline and waveform |
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Term
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Definition
| Traces the outline of the waveform |
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Term
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Definition
| Wider range of velocities (turbulent flow) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Spectral window filled in |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower amount of red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Digital technique used to analyze color flow Doppler |
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Term
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Definition
| Quantitative, Doppler-derived measurement of the vascular resistance of a segment of the arterial system |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to the resistive index. |
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