Term
|
Definition
| a smile evoked by a human face, normally evident in infants about 6 weeks after birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infant's expression of concern-a quiet stare, clinging to a familiar person, or sadness-when a stranger appears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infant's distress when a familiar caregiver leaves; most obvious between 9 and 12 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person's realization that he or she is a distinct individual, with body, mind and actions that are separate from those of other people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Erikson's first psychosocial crisis. Infants learn basic trust if the wold is a secure place where their basic needs (for food, comfort, attention, etc) are met. |
|
|
Term
| autonomy vs. shame and doubt |
|
Definition
| Erikson's second crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their own actions and bodies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning by observing others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In cognitive theory, a set of assumptions that the individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-control. Temperament is epigenetic, originating in genes but affected by child-rearing practices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a similarity of temperament and values that produces a smooth interaction between an individual and his or her social context, including family, school, and community. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theory that underlies the values and practices of a culture and that becomes apparent through analysis and comparison of those practices, although it is not usually apparent to the people within the culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parenting practices that involve close physical contact with the child's entire body, such as cradling and swinging. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parents practices that focus on the intellect more than the body. such as talking with the baby and playing with an object. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a coordinated, rapid, and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and an infant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an experimental practice in which an adult keeps his or her face unmoving and expressionless in face-to-face interaction with an infant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to Ainsworth, "an affectional tie" that an infant forms with the caregiver-a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver. |
|
|
Term
| insecure-avoidant attachment |
|
Definition
| a pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver's presence, departure, or return. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of attachment that is marked by an infant's inconsistent reactions to the caregiver's departure and return. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else's expressions and reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Child care that occurs in another caregiver's home. Usually the caregiver is paid at a lower rate than in center care, and usually one person cares for several children of various ages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Child care in a place especially designed for the purpose, where several paid providers care for many children. |
|
|
