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| Founded the field of american psychology |
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Founded American Psychological association
Encouraged teachers to make detailed observations to study their students development |
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| considered father of progressive education movement |
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1st ed psych textbook
shift from the classroom to the lab
view proved to be to narrow |
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| 4 stages of cognitive development |
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| early childhood experiences were critical, especially for emotional/social and cognitive development |
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| Social cognitive theory- interations among behavior, environment, and personal characteristics |
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Sociocultural theory- human activity takes part in cultural settings and cannot be understood apart from these settings
Mental structures and processes can be traced to interactions with others
ZPD- area between students current level and the level they could achieve with adult help |
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Microsystem- students imediate relationships
Mesosystem- family and teachers
Exosystem- social settings that affect the child
Macrosystem- Culture |
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| rules assessment- understanding, challenging, and challenging the rules that students use for thinking |
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connects person development to the social environment (Psycho social)
8 life stages each involves a central crisis |
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4 Identity Alternatives
Identify Diffusion- no conclusions about who they are or what they want to do
Identity foreclosure-do not explore options, commit to a life style
Moratorium-expolation with a delay in commitment to personal and occupational choices
Identity achievement- explore relistic options, has made choices and is committed to pursuing them |
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Divided moral reasoning into 3 levels
Preconventional-judement based on personal needs
Conventional-judgment based on others approval
Postconventional-good is determined by social standard |
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| Classical Conditioning- involuntary |
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| Operant Conditioning- we behave in certain ways as we operate on the environment |
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Hierarchy of needs ranging from survival to higher levels for intellectual achievement and finally self actualization
Lower levels (Survival,safety,belonging, self-esteem) |
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