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Ed Psych Mod 7
Cognitive Development
24
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
10/07/2009

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Cards

Term
Contructivism
Definition
A psychological paradigm that characterizes learning as a process of actively constructing knowledge
Term
Individual Constructivism
Definition
A form of constructivism in which individuals construct meaning by themselves from their experiences
Term
Social constructivism
Definition
A form of constructivism in which individuals construct meaning by interacting with others within a social and cultural context
Term
Disequilibrium
Definition
A discrepancy between one's existing knowledge and a new experience
Term
Equilibration
Definition
A process of maintaining a cognitive balance between our existing knowledge and new experiences
Term
Accommodation
Definition
A process of adaptation in Piaget's theory that involves modifying one's existing knowledge or creating new concepts when new information cannot fit into one's existing thinking
Term
Assimilation
Definition
A process of adaptation in Piaget's theory that involves fitting new information or experiences into one's existing way of thinking
Term
Schemes
Definition
Organized patterns of physical action
Term
Operations
Definition
Physical actions performed mentally
Term
Object permanence
Definition
Awareness that objects and people continue to exist even when not present
Term
Active Learning
Definition
Any form of meaningful learning which involves constructing a rich knowledge-base of inter-related concepts, prior knowledge, and real-life experiences
Term
Centration
Definition
An inability to focus on two dimensions simultaneously
Term
Conservation
Definition
The understanding that quantity or amount remains the same even though appearances changes
Term
Reversibility
Definition
Ability to manipulate one's thinking in two directions
Term
Identity constancy
Definition
Understanding that an object remains qualitatively the same even though its appearance changes
Term
Egocentric
Definition
Thinking about the world primarily from one's own physical or cognitive viewpoint.
Term
Egocentric speech
Definition
An example of egocentrism in which children talk from the perspective of their own interests and experiences without regard for the interests and conversational contributions of the listener
Term
Inner Speech
Definition
Internalized speech for regulating one's thoughts and actions
Term
Internalization
Definition
A developmental process; in Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development it occurs when an individual progresses from performing cognitive processes with a more capable person, socially, to performing them independently and mentally; in self-determination theory it occurs when an individual moves from less self-determined to more self-determined
Term
Intersubjectivity
Definition
Co-construction of knowledge where two individuals who begin a task with different knowledge perspectives come to a shared understanding, each adjusting to the perspective of the other
Term
Psychological and cultural tools
Definition
Any symbolic system provided by culture, such as signs, language, mnemonics, concepts, activities or social interactions.
Term
Scaffolding
Definition
Temporary social support provided by an adult or more capable peer for a child to accomplish a task
Term
Semiotic functions
Definition
An ability to use signs and symbols to represent an object
Term
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Definition
The difference between what an individual can accomplish independently and what he or she can learn with assistance from more capable individuals
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