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Ecosystems and Biomes
Energy flow and food cycles
53
Science
8th Grade
09/14/2011

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Term
Producer
Definition
An organism that can make its own food.
Term
Consumer
Definition
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.
Term
Herbivore
Definition
A consumer that eats only plants
Term
Carnivore
Definition
A consumer that eats only animals.
Term
Omnivore
Definition
A consumer that eats both plants and animals.
Term
Scavenger
Definition
A carnivore that feeds on bodies of dead organisms.
Term
Decomposer
Definition
An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms.
Term
Food Chain
Definition
A series of events inwhich one organism eats another and obtains energy.
Term
Food Web
Definition
The pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.
Term
Energy Pyramid
Definition
A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.
Term
Water cycle
Definition
The continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back.
Term
Evaporation
Definition
The process by which molecules of a liquid absorb energy and change to a gas.
Term
Condensation
Definition
The process by whicha gas chages to a liquid.
Term
Precipitation
Definition
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Term
Nitrogen fixation
Definition
The process of changing free nitrogen gas into a usable form.
Term
Biogeography
Definition
The study of where organisms live.
Term
Continental drift
Definition
THe very slow motion of the continents.
Term
Dispersal
Definition
The movement of organisms from one place to another.
Term
Exotic species
Definition
Species that are carried to a new location by humans.
Term
Dispersal
Definition
THe movement of organisms from one place to another.
Term
Exotic species
Definition
Species that are carried to a new location by people.
Term
Climate
Definition
The typical weather pattern in an area over a long period of time.
Term
Name the four types of consumers.
Definition
Herbivores, scavengers, omnivores and carnivores.
Term
True
Definition
True or False. An organism can be part of more than one food web.
Term
At each level of the energy pyramid, what percent of the energy will go to the next level up.
Definition
10%
Term
True or false. In an energy pyramid the most amount of energy is found in the consumers level.
Definition
False, the most energy is at the producer level.
Term
What are the three processes in the water cycle?
Definition
Evaporation, condensation and precipitation.
Term
Where does energy come from to form heat?
Definition
The sun.
Term
Humans give off water by sweating, how do plants give off water?
Definition
Transpiration
Term
What to people breathe in?
Definition
oxygen
Term
What do plants take in?
Definition
Carbon dioxide
Term
Producers release this during photosynthesis. What is it?
Definition
Oxygen
Term
What does burning oil and fuels release into the air?
Definition
Carbon dioxide
Term
What percent of the air is nitrogen?
Definition
75%
Term
What grows on the roots of plants that transforms the nitrogen in the soil into a usable form of nitrogen?
Definition
nodules
Term
Biome
Definition
A group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms.
Term
Name 4 biomes.
Definition
Temperate rain forest , tropical rain forest, desert and grasslands.
Term
Canopy
Definition
the leafy roof layer.
Term
Understory
Definition
The second layer of shorter trees below the canopy.
Term
Name three factors that can limit organisms.
Definition
Physical barriers, comtetition and climate.
Term
Disperal can be caused by what?
Definition
Wind, water, living things including humans.
Term
Desert
Definition
An area that recieves less than 25cm of rain per year.
Term
Grasslands
Definition
area that is populated mostly by grasses.
Term
Savanna
Definition
grasslands that are located closer to the equator.
Term
Deciduous forest
Definition
trees shed their leaves and grow new ones each year.
Term
Nickname for the boreal forest?
Definition
Taiga
Term
Coniferous trees
Definition
Trees that produces the seeds in cones and have needles for leaves.
Term
Tundra
Definition
An extremely cold and dry biome.
Term
Permafrost
Definition
the soil is mostly frozen all year.
Term
Aquatic ecosystems
Definition
All aquatic ecosystems are affected by these factors. Sunlight, temperature, oxygen and salt content.
Term
Estuary
Definition
Where the fresh water of rivers meets the salt water of the ocean.
Term
Intertidal zone
Definition
the area between the highest high tide and the lowest lowest low tide line.
Term
Neritic Zone
Definition
below the low tide line where there is shallow water.
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