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Econometric Chapter 4
Econometric Chapter 4
20
Economics
Undergraduate 1
01/17/2013

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Term
Bias or non-sampling error or systematic error
Definition
a major type of error associated with all surveys; it equals the difference between the value of a variable obtained by taking a census (or by averaging the results of all possible random samples of a give size) and the (unknown) true value
Term
census
Definition
a complete survey in which observations about one or more characteristics of interest are made for every elementary unit that exists
Term
chance error or random error or sampling error
Definition
a major type of error associated with random sampling; it equals the difference between the value of a variable obtained by taking a single random sample and the value obtained by taking a census (or by averaging the results of all possible random samples of like size)
Term
clustered random sample
Definition
a subset of a frame, or of an associated population, chosen by taking separate censuses in a randomly chosen subset of geographically distinct clusters into which the frame or population is naturally divided
Term
judgement sample
Definition
a subset of all elementary units, or of an associated statistical population, that is selected on the basis of the data collector's "expert" judgment, presumably based on prior experience, which is believed to make the sample representative of the whole
Term
leading questions
Definition
questions that lead the respondent, inexorably, to particular, predictable answers
Term
multistage sampling
Definition
a procedure that involves the successive sampling of ever-smaller groups and possibly even the use of different sampling methods at each stage
Term
non-probability sample
Definition
a subset of all existing units that is selected haphazardly from a statistical frame (or from an associated statistical population) without the use of some randomizing device that assures each unit is known and positive probability of selection
Term
non-response bias
Definition
a systematic tendency for selected elementary units with particular characteristics not to contribute data in a survey, while other such units, with other characteristics, do
Term
open-ended questions
Definition
questions that elicit answer in people's own words
Term
outliers
Definition
"wild values' or maverick responses that are not believable because they differ greatly from the majority of observed values
Term
probability sample or random sample
Definition
a subset of all existing units that is selected from a statistical frame (or from an associated statistical population) with the help of some randomizing device that assures each unit a known and positive (but not necessarily equal) probability of selection
Term
random-numbers table
Definition
a printed listing of numbers generated by a random process in such a way that each possible digit is equally likely to precede or follow any other digit
Term
response bias
Definition
a tendency for answers to survey questions to be wrong in some systematic way
Term
sample survey
Definition
a partial survey in which observations about one or more characteristics of interest are made for only a subset of all existing elementary units
Term
selection bias
Definition
a systematic tendency in a survey to favor the inclusion of selected elementary units with particular characteristics, while excluding other such units with other characteristics
Term
simple random sample
Definition
a subset of a frame, or of an associated population, chosen in such a fashion that every possible subset of like size has an equal chance of being selected. This procedure implies that each individual unit of the frame or population has an equal chance of selection as well
Term
stratified random sample
Definition
a subset of a frame, or an associated population, chosen by taking separate (simple or systematic) random samples from every stratum in the frame or population, often in such a way that the sizes of the separate samples vary with the importance of the different strata
Term
systematic random sample
Definition
a subset of a frame, or of an associated population, chosen by randomly selecting one of the first k elements and then including every kth element thereafter until the desired sample size has been reached
Term
voluntary response sample
Definition
a group of people who, in response to some general appeal, have selected themselves to participate in a survey
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