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Definition
| led the Nationalist Guomindang to power in 1928, ending period of Warlordism |
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| wrote book which forecast a great future for China if China followed Confucianism |
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| pursued egalitarianism and regional self-sufficiency |
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| led Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969 |
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| campaigned against the "Four Olds" |
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| supported Stalinism against his contemporary "revisionists" Khrushchev and Tito |
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| vilified government assistance, glorified wealth accumulation |
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| first chief of state of the ROC |
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| Jiang Zemin, then Hu Jintao |
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Definition
| served as chief of state after Deng Xiaoping |
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| constitutional President of China, one of WWII Allies |
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| his Great Leap Forward failed, famine |
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| this dynamic form is the unique innovation of the self-proclaimed socialist market economy (add efficiency requirement to socialism) |
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Definition
| this grew out of the May Fourth Movement of 1919 which protested turning Chinese Territory over to Japan |
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| assaulted traditional culture and social values |
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| organized countryside into large communes |
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| rural industrial enterprises owned by local units of government, the towns and villages that formerly comprised the communes and lower level brigades |
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Definition
| supported absolute power of the authoritarian State |
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| state-owned firms operating in competitive markets adjusted by a central planner |
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| TVE's, reforms, looser rules on private enterprise - CCP declared this the desired economic form |
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| associated with laissez faire, wu wei (no action) |
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| opposed commerce, industrialization, and relations with the outside world. Wanted foreign barbarians to kowtow and pay tribute |
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| also called Quotations of Chairman Mao |
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| Tao Te Ching (two philosophies) |
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| forced all landlords to sell tenants in exchange for government bonds |
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| policy shift which resulted in growth in agriculture and industry |
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| agriculture, industry, science and technology, and national defense |
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| retreated to Taiwan when Mao Zedong came to power on the mainland |
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| resulted in deceleration of industrial output growth and a catastrophe in agriculture, the worst famine anywhere ever |
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China currently faces problems including which of the following?
a) major energy/environmental crises
b) international criticism of its undervalued currency
c) rising income inequalities
d) continuing re-assimilation of Hong Kong and perhaps, eventually Taiwan |
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| the US would like its yuan to float |
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| was controlled by Japan from 1895-1945 |
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| has promised in a joint declaration, "one country, two systems" |
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| its EPZ's may be models for PRC's SEZ's |
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| this nation is trying to limit its steel exports |
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| would like to absorb Taiwan |
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| economy that most closely resembles those of Japan and South Korea |
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| many small businesses, high savings rate |
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| one of the world's most laissez faire economies, even now |
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| its Three Gorges Dam project is opposed by the WTO and environmentalists |
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| T/F: The household responsibility system resulted in decreased food output and decline in rural incomes |
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| T/F: The three Chinese religions, like those of Japan, are Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, the latter originating in India and arriving in China by way of the Silk Road |
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| T/F: A student uprising was violently suppressed in Tiananmen Square in the capital, Beijing (Peking) in 1989 |
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Definition
| T/F: The Communists are seen by Chinese as the latest dynasty and are subject to a rise and fall cycle associated with previous dynasties |
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Definition
| T/F: After the Opium Wars, Great Britain was banished from Hong Kong and lost its right to import opium into China |
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Definition
| T/F: Under Mao, China had one of the least equal income distributions ever observed, but Dengist marketization resulted in greater income equality |
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Definition
| a former leader of the resistance against the Japanese, later a "comrade" |
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| first civilian President in three decades (ROK) |
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| emulated Mao from 1953 to late 1970's, and then, later skeptical/concerned about Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost and perostroika, he leaned even more toward Beijing |
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| DPRK's first Prime Minister, and later, in 1972, DPRk's first President! |
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| under his leadership, the first native-built ballistic missile is test fired into the Sea of Japan |
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| current president of South Korea |
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| the first President of the ROK to meet with a President of the DPRK |
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| he succeeded his father as President, his nation suffered a drought and starvation, he was forced to appeal for food aid |
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| classified as an export-driven "Asian Tiger" |
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| pulled inward and ossified after numerous foreign invasions |
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| sought juche as the initial "Hermit Kingdom" |
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Definition
| Syngman Rhee established a provisional Korean government in exile |
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| At the beginning of this time period, Japan forced Korea into a commercial treaty |
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| lies north of the 38th parallel |
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| post WWII, the mostly American United Nations forces were aligned with this |
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| after WWII, the USSR controlled this |
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| Kim Jong-il is the current President here |
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| this claims to have found the tomb of the mythical bear/god founder of Korea |
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| US established trusteeship over this, post WWII |
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| Confucianism permeated society, Buddhism entered culture |
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Definition
| the current "Hermit Kingdom" |
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| citizens are to worship their leader; practices the "cult of personality" |
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| time period in which Korea is annexed colony of Japan |
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| Japanese take over fertile land, export rice to Japan, and aim to eliminate Korean culture and language |
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| American Protestant missionaries massively convert Koreans to Christianity |
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| Korea was world's top technology leader |
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| Chosen Kingdom ends at the beginning of this time period |
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Definition
| civil law code instituted, modern financial system introduced |
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Definition
| its first leader was a Stalinist who branded Khrushchev a revisionist |
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Definition
| chiefs of state include Rhee, Park, Kim, and Roh |
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Term
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Definition
| its current president won election with a "sunshine policy" |
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Definition
| highest per capita growth, 1980-1992 |
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Definition
| despite its orthodox socialist mindset, this refused to join the CMEA |
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Definition
| switched allegiance to PRC in 1953, became anti-Sovet, later borrowed from US |
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Definition
| indicatively planned, termed "guided" |
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Definition
| tripled industrial output, 1946-1949 |
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| Russia and PRC currently recognize this as Korea |
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Definition
| gender and income equality for civilians, low standard of living |
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Definition
| its cartel-like organizations are owned by single families |
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Definition
| high spending (recall credit cards), low savings rate |
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Definition
| currently pursues high tech production for exports |
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| slow growth rate just post WWII |
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| its capital is P'yongyang |
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Term
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Definition
| his title was General Secretary, his party was the SED |
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Term
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Definition
| he was succeeded by Erich Honecker |
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Definition
| led "national socialist" party, ejected Jewish scientists who later worked on America's Manhattan Project |
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Definition
| after Hitler seized power, he was jailed and then went into exile in Moscow |
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Definition
| led East Germany, slowly nationalizing industries and allowing a small private sector |
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Definition
| first to hold office of chancellor of the new reunified Germany (Christian Democrat) |
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Definition
| selected as Chancellor by the increasingly more center-right Bundestag, and in the process, rejecting Gerhard Schroeder |
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Definition
| established first government-run health insurance, social security, and workers' compensation |
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Definition
| largest current creditor nation to Russia |
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Definition
| experiences "economic miracle" post WWII |
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Term
| both FRG and reunified Germany |
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Definition
| experienced the so-called "fading miracle" during the last decade |
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Definition
| a command socialist economy with a Marxist orientation |
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Term
| both FRG and reunified Germany |
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Definition
| a social market economy along the lines of Sweden, but with somewhat lower taxes and less progressivity (less "liberal" than Sweden in the American sense of that term) |
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Term
| both FRG and reunified Germany |
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Definition
| a member of both the EU and the EMU |
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Definition
| experienced "Big Bang" transformation (1989-1991) |
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Definition
| the Berlin Wall was within the borders of this |
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Definition
of the above, the one with the highest labor participation rate by women
former FRG
former GDR
reunified Germany
both FRG and reunified Germany |
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Definition
| Ludwig Erhard was its so-called architect |
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| a substantial budget deficit threatened to keep this nation out of the European Monetary Union |
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Definition
| advocated Eastern Bloc nations be accepted into EU |
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Definition
| rising unemployment rates have resulted in a right-wingo neo-Nazi resurgence |
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Definition
| ordo-liberalism is associated with this |
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Definition
| enjoyed double-digit growth rates through 1955 |
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Definition
| two of its mass organizations were the Free German Youth and the Young Pioneers |
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Definition
| a member of the initial group called the ECSC |
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Definition
| were aided by the Marshall Plan |
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Definition
| were included in the CMEA |
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Definition
| politically dominated by the Christian Democrats and the Social Democrats, although numerous other parties were represented in parliament |
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Term
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Definition
| its flag has 3 stripes (black, orange-red, and gold) plus a round logo in the center |
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Definition
| Erich Honecker was its leader when President Ronald Reagan gave his "Tear Down this Wall" speech |
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Term
| Nazi Germany, GDR and DPRK |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| low standard of living, equal distribution of civilian income, low Gini coefficient |
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Definition
| police state, superpatriotism, cultivation of ignorance of foreign information/ideas |
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| only Nazi Germany and DPRK |
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Definition
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Definition
| EC ("Common Market") becomes European Union |
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Definition
| by helping to reduce poverty, this may have helped to reduce the rise in European indigenous communist, post WWII |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed for free movement of capital and labor, in addition to coal, steam and iron ore |
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Definition
| attempted to pacify borders, this treaty was signed by six nations |
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Definition
| this established a central bank and established the euro as the common currency |
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Definition
| aimed to rebuild allied countries of Europe, but was written in a manner to discourage USSR from participating |
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Definition
| the US is a member of all the above organizations and groups, except the EU, and yet unlike the others, has not ratified this |
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Term
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Definition
| although two "agreements" have been added to this, one on environmental and the other on labor cooperation, neither amendment seems to have created "substantive" standards or changes, and are viewed perhaps as mere appeasements to environmentalists and labor |
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Definition
| although its motto is "united in diversity," it is currently experiencing a dialectic as some trafficking of immigrants, who substitute for domestic labor, has resulted allegedly in increasing unemployment of domestic workers |
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Term
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Definition
| this composite of separate economies represents about 65% of the world economy |
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Definition
| its permanent members were Allies during WWII (with Russia now replacing the now defunct USSR) |
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Definition
| private ownership, reliance on market mechanism, with a substantial safety/security net |
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Definition
| the opposite of command socialism |
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Definition
| private ownership of land and capital with government dictate of allocation and distribution |
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Definition
| ranks poorly in terms of freedom and allocative efficiency, but, theoretically, higher in terms of egalitarianism |
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Definition
| The new Russia, the current PRC, and the former GDR portion of the new, re-unified Germany are moving away from nationalization and toward this, its polar opposite |
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Term
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Definition
| Friedrich A. Hayek and Ludwig von Mises would not believe that this principle need be maintained |
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Definition
| uses much indicative planning, however less than in Japan, but more than in US |
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Term
| mixed market or "patched-up capitalism" |
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Definition
| this stage of the evolution of capitalism allows both imperfect competition and government intervention |
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Definition
| initially developed labor theory of value |
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Term
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Definition
| "Social engineering" and "constructivism" were coined due to his professional background |
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Term
| Plato, Thomas More and Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
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Definition
| proposed or advocated non-ownership concept prior to utopian socialists |
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Definition
| initially developed philosophical dialect concept that was subsequently used in Karl Marx's historical materialism |
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Definition
| emerged due to the failure of the Industrial Revolution to bring about an uprising of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie |
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Definition
| refocusing of revolutionary expectations toward less developed countries |
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Definition
| participatory (cooperative) alternative is most like this form, but without its violent inception |
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Definition
| served as PM of Russia, concurrent with Yeltsin |
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Definition
| served as the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR |
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Definition
| as President, oversaw Russia's "Big Bang" conversion to capitalism |
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Definition
| perostroika and glasnot helped earn him Time's "Man of the Decade" recognition |
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Definition
| T/F: Lenin oversaw the 1921 electrification, but Stalin would take state formation of infrastructure further with his so-called super-industrialization and Gosplan |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Post-Stalin, Khrushchev intensified central planning, resulting in longer lines and decreased allocative efficiency. He lost the allegiance of consumers |
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Definition
| T/F: Stalin's "factories in fields" and Mao's "Great Leap Forward" collectivized agriculture with desired results-- both farmers and consumers suffered |
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Definition
| T/F: In Moscow, virtually unbridled capitalism is practiced by young entrepreneurs. Consumerism and conspicuous consumption is accompanied by a religious revival, including the re-building of churches demolished by Stalin, who referred to religion was "the opiate of the masses" |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Household economies practice asymmetrical reciprocity, that is general reciprocity |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Old traditional economies of the domestic mode variety preserved overtime due to both isolation and lack of dialectic |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Theoretically, old traditional economies that eventually practice balanced reciprocity with neighboring groups will evolve along a unilineal path to becoming market economies |
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Term
| Swedish economic characteristic |
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Definition
| incorporated maximin criterion, yet defied equity-efficiency trade-off! |
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Term
| North Korean economic characteristic |
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Definition
| the most recent conversion to socialism |
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Term
| Iranian economic characteristic |
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Definition
| has numerous restrictions on "unearned" incomes and practices a form of venture capitalism in its banking practices |
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Term
All of the below:
Iranian economic characteristic
Swedish economic characteristic
Japanese economic characteristic
North Korean economic characteristic |
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Definition
| seeks and/or achieves a relatively low Gini coefficient |
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Term
| North Korean economic characteristic |
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Definition
| led by a Stalinist post WWII |
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Term
| Japanese economic characteristic |
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Definition
| state-directed capitalism with an influential and significant role for the banking industry |
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Term
| Japanese economic characteristic |
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Definition
| re-emergence of militarism was discouraged post WWII by revamping its cartels and disallowing industry-wide labor unions |
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Term
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Definition
| disallowed in American occupation areas, post WWII |
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Definition
| family-centered conglomerates and blank-centered cartels, respectively |
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Term
| zaibatsu, kombinaten and chaebol |
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Definition
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