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| semi-enclosed bodies of water where fresh water from a river drains into the ocean. |
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| the study of ineractions among organisms and their abiotic environment |
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| a group of organisms of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time. |
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| a group of similar organisms whose members freely interbreed with one another in the wild to produce fertile offspring. |
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| a natural association that consists of different species that live and interact together within an area at the same time. |
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| a biological community and its abiotic environment. |
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| a spatially hetereogeneous region that includes several interacting ecosystems |
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| the layer of the earth containing all living organisms |
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| gaseous envelope surrounding earth |
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| soil and rock of Earths crust |
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| capacity or ability to do work |
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Stored chemical energy |
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| energy stored in the bonds of molecules e.g. in food |
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| energy in the form of heat - it flows from object with higher temp to object with lower temp |
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| energy in the movement of matter |
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| energy that flows as charged particles |
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| study of energy and its transformations |
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| a system that is self contained and isolated |
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| a system that exhibits an exchange of energy with its surroundings |
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first law of thermodynamics |
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| energy cannot be created or destroyed although it can change from one form to another |
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Second law of thermodynamics |
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| when energy is converted some of it is degraded into heat, a less useable form that disperses into the environment. |
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| a measure of the diosrder of less useable energy |
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| 6CO2+12H20=energy C6H1206+6H20+6O2 biological process in which light from sun is captured and transformed into chemical energy of carbohydrate(sugar) molecules. |
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| process in which molecules such as glucose are broken down in the presence of O2 and H2O into CO2 and H2O |
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| to obtain energy and make carbohydrate molecules form inorganic raw materials |
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| passage of energy in a one way direction through an ecosystem. |
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| autotophs=organisms that manufacture complex organic molecules form simple inorganic substances. In most ecosystems producers are photosynthetic organisms. |
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| consumers heterotrophs- organisms that cannot synthesize food and use bodies of other organisms as sources of energy and body building materials |
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| consumers that eat producers (herbivores) |
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| animals that feed on other animals flesh eaters |
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| saprotrophs- heterotrophs that break down organic matter and use the decomposition products to supply it with energy. Decomposers are microorganisms of decay. |
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| successive series of organisms . each organism in the series eats or decomposes the preceding organism in the chain. |
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| an organisms position in the food chain. its feeding relationship |
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Pyramid of biomass |
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| ecological pyramid that illustrates the total biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem. |
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| ecological pyramid that illustrates the energy flow through each trophic level. |
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| estimate of the total mass of living material. dry weight of all the organic material that comprises organisms in an ecosystem. |
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| net primary productivity - productivity after respiration losses are subtracted. That is npp is the amount of biomass found in excess of that broken down by a plants cellular respiration. npp represents that rate at which this organic matter is actually incorporated into plant tissues for growth. |
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| 1986 Calculated how much of the global NPP is used for the human economy and not transferred to other organisms. |
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