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| Domain Bacteria and Archaea |
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Definition
| Peptioglycan in cell walls, Asexual reproduction, 4 nutritional modes: photoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, chemolithotrophs, photoheterotrophs. |
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Definition
| Carbon fixation, Nitrogen fixation, 1st photosynthesizers: turned environment from anerobic to aerobic. |
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Definition
Mostly multicellular.
Includes Kingdoms: Alveolata, Stramenopila, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia |
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Definition
| Unicellular, protists with small sacs under cell membrane. Includes Phylums: Apicomplexa, Dinoflagellata |
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Definition
| Apical complex with special organelles at Apical end used to penetrate host. All members are parasites. Have cholorplast derived non-photosynthesizers. |
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Definition
Dinoflagelletes
Has Spinning cell with 2 flagella, cellulose plates with cell membrane, pigments chl a & c with fucoxanthin, stores carbs as starch, 90% of all plankton, Lives inside corals. |
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Definition
Heterokonts; exhibit hair like projections on flagella: only flagella is motile reproductive cell.
Includes phylums: Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta. |
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Diatoms
Unicellular, glass like with SiO2, stores carbs as leucosin, pigments chl a &c cartenoids xanthophylls, has 2 compartments. |
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Definition
Brown Algae
Stores carbs as taminarin, all multicellular, motile zoospores with 2 flagella, pigments chl a&c fucoxanthin, sporophyte dominated with alternation of generations. |
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Definition
| All have chloroplasts with double membrane. Includes phylums: Rhodophyta, Ulvophycea, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Coniferophyta, Anthophyta |
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Definition
Red Algae
Multicellular, stores carbs as starch, phycoerythrin (phycobillin) causes red color, pigments chl a&d cartenoids, three alternation of generations: sporophyte, gametophyte and tetrasporophyte. |
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Definition
Green Seaweeds
Both Multi and Unicellular, cell wall made of cellulose, pigments chl a&b xanthophylls carotenoids, doesn't have embryo protection, multicellular has alt. of gen. sporophyte looks like gametophyte. |
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Mosses
1st land plants, non-vascular (no H2Otrasport), have swimming sperm, gametophyte dom life cycle. |
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Ferns
Vascular tissue-Lignin, swimming sperm, sporophyte dominated. |
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Gymnosperms
1st seed plants, sporophyte dominated, has seeds(female sporophyte) and pollen(male gamete), no swimming sperm. |
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Angiosperms
1st flowering plants, sporophyte dominated, flowers and fruits (use animals for reproduction), vessel elements. |
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Definition
| Only multicellular, gametangia (protect embryos), cuticle (waxy layer to prevent water loss), sporopollenin (resistent spores), stomata (holes in leaves). |
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Definition
| Uses enzymes to digest food, stores carbs as glycogin, cell walls made of chitin, made of hyphae. Includes phylum: Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota. |
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Definition
Yoke Fungi
reproductive spores on yoke structure, coenocytic hyphae (no cell membrane), short lived heterokaryotic stafe, dominated asexual stage, digests only simple sugars. |
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Definition
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF)
form yoke in sex phase, arbuscle (grow inside plant cell), found on 80% of plants. |
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Definition
Ectomycorrhizae Fungi (EMF) Sac Fungi
reproductive cells on sac, asexual spores on conidia, mycorrhizal on conifers and beech, Lichen (mutualisitc relationship between green alga and Ascomycota). |
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Definition
Club Fungi EMF
Reproductive cells on club, dikaryotic life, clamp junction between cells, 100+ mating types, EMF with oak, birch and pine. |
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Definition
Either protostome or deuterostome, multicellular, chemoheterotrophs, ingest food, move atleast one part of life, no cell walls (cell membrane), Hox genes determine development.
Includes phylums: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata |
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Definition
Sponges
No true embryonic tissue, defined epithelium (simple tissue), has spicules (body made of silica for protection), choanocytes (flagellated cells for filter feeding), protostome. |
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Jellyfish, Anemones etc.
Many are colonial, cnidocytes, diploblast, one hole for mouth and anus, radial symmetry, mesoglea, protostome. |
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Flatworm
Acoelomates, breath through diffusion, one hole for mouth and anus, triploblastic, protostome. |
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Segmented Worms
True coelomates and triploblasts, complete circulatory system, ventral nerve cord, protostome. |
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Mollusks
Viseral mass, foot, mantle, open circulatory system, hydrostatic skeleton, triploblasts, protostome. |
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Insects, Spiders, Crabs, etc.
Exoskeleton, jointed legs, segmented bodies, coelomates, triploblasts, grow by molting, protostome. |
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Roundworms
Pseudocoelomates, longitudinal muscles, pressurized body, protostome. |
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Seastars, Urchins, etc.
Radial symmetry (bilateral larvae), water-vascular system. |
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Definition
| Hollow dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, postnatal tail, all deuterstomes. |
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Tunicates, Sea squirts
large pharyngeal basket for filter feeding, tadpole larval stage, heartbeats in both directions. |
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Definition
| Vertebrae, Skull, Somites (makes muscles..etc). |
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Definition
Includes Aves
Scales (feathers are modified scales), amniotic egg, use of ribcage to ventilate lungs, tetrapods, mostly ectothermic. |
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Definition
| hair, mammary glands, ribs missing from lumbar, endothermic, tetrapods, amniotic egg, eutherian mammals have placenta and teeth types. |
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Frogs, newts, etc.
1st with four limbs
Tadpole stage, breathe through skin and lungs, moist egg requires water, tetrapod, adults are carnivorous. |
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ray finned fish
1st with bones, bony endokeleton, bony sclaes, swim bladder, fins supported by bones. |
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ray sharks etc.
Endoskeleton made of cartilage, 1st fishes with jaws and paired fins, scales in similar form to teeth, sense electrical impulses, lateral line. |
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