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Ecology
Exam #2 Life Histories-Predation
26
Other
Undergraduate 4
10/30/2011

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Cards

Term
Life Histories
Definition
patterns of resource allocation that have evolved; strategies that increase
fitness.
• Resources of the environment are limited
• Organisms have limited energy, nutrients, time.
• Resource allocation requires tradeoffs
Term
Maturity
Definition
age/size at first reporduction
Term
Parity
Definition
# of reproduction episodes
Term
semelparity
Definition
one reproductive event then death
Term
iteroparity
Definition
repeated reproductive events
Term
Fecundity
Definition
# of offspring produced in each episode
Term
Parental Care
Definition
amount of energy (time) provided to the young.
Term
Life span
Definition
age at senescence
Term
Semelparity allows...
Definition
resources to be saved for one large productive event
Term
Iteroparity allows...
Definition
"bet hedging" production of offspring in more than one season to reduce risk of failure in one season
Term
Annuals
Definition
semelparous- germinate, produce, die within one year
Term
Biennials
Definition
semelparous- germinate and grow vegetatively for a period of more than one year prior to reproduction and death
Term
Perinnials
Definition
iteroparous- reproduce more than once before dying
Term
Semelparity: Agaves[image]
Definition
desert plant, century plant, produce 30ft floweing stalk, drains reserves and die, attracts pollinators(seed dispersers)
Term
Pacific Salmon
Definition
eggs hatch in rivers, swim to pacific ocean, remain for 2-5 years, relocate to spawning ground, males have fangs for fighting, females choose successful males, eggs are laid and fish die.
Term
Clutch size on birds...
Definition
out of 7 eggs, 3.5 chicks survive and leave the nest. if more or less than 7 eggs are added, less than 3.5 chicks survive
Term
How much energy should be provided to parental care?
Definition
Adult survival decreases with more parental care
Term
invertebrates
Definition
don't provide parental care, they lay eggs and abandon them
Term
fish, amphibians, reptiles
Definition
parental care varies
Term
birds and mammals
Definition
give extensive parental care
Term
Parental Care examples
Definition

scorpions/spider- carry eggs on their back

social insects- care for young in nest

male seahorse-broods off. in sac

male frogs- protect and carry babies on leg(midwife toad) and vocal sac(Rhinoderma)

Term
"Slow Life Traits"
Definition
long life, slow development, delayed maturity, high parental investment, low reproductive rates per year
Term
"Fast Life Traits"
Definition
opposite of slow traits
Term
longer life spans...
Definition
more energy is used for cellular repair and maintenance, allocated energy for reproduction and growth are less
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