Term
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Definition
| The study of the interactions of organisms with each other (living environment/biotic factors) and with physical environment (abiotic) |
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Term
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Definition
| helps us manage natural resources, manage and control "pests," and be good stewards of creation |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of individuals of one species in one geographical area |
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Term
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Definition
| # per unit area; usually sampled by survey |
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Term
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Definition
| either clumped (watering hole), evenly spaced (desert plants), or random (spiders) |
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Term
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Definition
| proportion of individuals in each age class; increasing-mostly young decreasing in population to old; decreasing; stable |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of population dynamics; how populations change over time |
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Term
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Definition
| summarizes individuals who are still alive in each age class and their number of offspring; allows estimates of survivorship and death rates |
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Term
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Definition
| majority of individuals long-lived |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| exponential growth-unlimited resources; sigmoidal-limited resources; |
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Term
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Definition
| traits and behaviors that influence and individual's survival and reproduction (fitness); individual traits but influence population structure; maximizing one trait limits another; no one best pattern, each population's life history is different |
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Term
| Reproduction Life History Traits |
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Definition
| how early to reproduce? how many young? how often? offspring size and parental investment; mating system (monogamy v. polygamy) |
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Term
| Growth and Development Life History Traits |
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Definition
| stop at maturity and focus on reproduction OR continually grow (more young, higher survival); non-feeding periods;reorganization stages (metamorphosis); dormant stages (seeds, spores, hibernation) |
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Term
| Dispersal and MIgration Life History Traits |
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Definition
| larvae, gametes, or seeds versus adults |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of different species living together |
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Term
| Types of Communal Interactions |
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Definition
| Predation (benefits one, not other); Competition (hurts both); Mutualism (helps both); Commensalism (helps one, doesn't affect the other); Amensalism (hurts one, doesn't affect the other) |
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Term
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Definition
| something that is directly consumed or used by an organism for maintenance or growth |
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Term
|
Definition
| the ecological role, position, or "profession" of a species in the community |
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Term
| Competitive Exclusion Principle |
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Definition
| two species cannot coexist on the same limited resource |
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Term
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Definition
| one organism eats another |
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Term
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Definition
| kills multiple animals over time |
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Term
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Definition
| Plants; may or may not kill |
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Term
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Definition
| host larger, only partly eaten; usually not killed |
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Term
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Definition
| host larger only one host individual; usually killed |
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Term
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Definition
| predator/prey cycles (oscillations); predator specializes on few prey species |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Prey Refuges and Habitat Patchiness |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adaptation by design (predators) |
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Term
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Definition
| imitation of undesirable species' appearance (prey) |
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Term
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Definition
| palatable imitates unpalatable or undesirable (prey) |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple unpalatables or undesirables converge in appearance |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| physical-spines, hairs, and thorns; chemical-toxins, indigestibility; |
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Term
| Intraspecific Competition |
|
Definition
| between species (territory) |
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Term
| Interspecific Competition |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| distance to avoid competition |
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Term
|
Definition
| divergent adaptations prevents or minimizes competition |
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Term
|
Definition
| resource is reduced because of consumption |
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Term
|
Definition
| resource's access is blocked |
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Term
|
Definition
| avoid competition by avoiding conflicting communal roles |
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Term
|
Definition
| has influence on environment beyond that expected |
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Term
|
Definition
| orderly, predictable progression of communities over time; each modifies to suit environment and other species |
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Term
|
Definition
| occurs on newly exposed or created habitat devoid of resources or life (post glaciers) |
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Term
|
Definition
| follows disturbance of a previous community (fire, flood, man's development) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an index weighted in accordance with special abundance, biomass, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the interactions of organisms with each other (living environment/biotic factors) and with physical environment (abiotic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| helps us manage natural resources, manage and control "pests," and be good stewards of creation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of individuals of one species in one geographical area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| # per unit area; usually sampled by survey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| either clumped (watering hole), evenly spaced (desert plants), or random (spiders) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proportion of individuals in each age class; increasing-mostly young decreasing in population to old; decreasing; stable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of population dynamics; how populations change over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| summarizes individuals who are still alive in each age class and their number of offspring; allows estimates of survivorship and death rates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| majority of individuals long-lived |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exponential growth-unlimited resources; sigmoidal-limited resources; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traits and behaviors that influence and individual's survival and reproduction (fitness); individual traits but influence population structure; maximizing one trait limits another; no one best pattern, each population's life history is different |
|
|
Term
| Reproduction Life History Traits |
|
Definition
| how early to reproduce? how many young? how often? offspring size and parental investment; mating system (monogamy v. polygamy) |
|
|
Term
| Growth and Development Life History Traits |
|
Definition
| stop at maturity and focus on reproduction OR continually grow (more young, higher survival); non-feeding periods;reorganization stages (metamorphosis); dormant stages (seeds, spores, hibernation) |
|
|
Term
| Dispersal and MIgration Life History Traits |
|
Definition
| larvae, gametes, or seeds versus adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of different species living together |
|
|
Term
| Types of Communal Interactions |
|
Definition
| Predation (benefits one, not other); Competition (hurts both); Mutualism (helps both); Commensalism (helps one, doesn't affect the other); Amensalism (hurts one, doesn't affect the other) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something that is directly consumed or used by an organism for maintenance or growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ecological role, position, or "profession" of a species in the community |
|
|
Term
| Competitive Exclusion Principle |
|
Definition
| two species cannot coexist on the same limited resource |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one organism eats another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kills multiple animals over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plants; may or may not kill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| host larger, only partly eaten; usually not killed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| host larger only one host individual; usually killed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| predator/prey cycles (oscillations); predator specializes on few prey species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prey Refuges and Habitat Patchiness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adaptation by design (predators) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imitation of undesirable species' appearance (prey) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palatable imitates unpalatable or undesirable (prey) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple unpalatables or undesirables converge in appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical-spines, hairs, and thorns; chemical-toxins, indigestibility; |
|
|
Term
| Intraspecific Competition |
|
Definition
| between species (territory) |
|
|
Term
| Interspecific Competition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance to avoid competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divergent adaptations prevents or minimizes competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resource is reduced because of consumption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resource's access is blocked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avoid competition by avoiding conflicting communal roles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has influence on environment beyond that expected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| orderly, predictable progression of communities over time; each modifies to suit environment and other species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs on newly exposed or created habitat devoid of resources or life (post glaciers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| follows disturbance of a previous community (fire, flood, man's development) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an index weighted in accordance with special abundance, biomass, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determines species distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flows one way (downhill) and must be constantly replenished |
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Term
|
Definition
| recycled and reused continuously |
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Term
|
Definition
| most from sunlight in photosynthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
| position of food chain or food web; energy transfer non-eficient so it is a pyramid; energy increasingly rare at higher levels |
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|
Term
| Four Primary Ecosystem Compartments |
|
Definition
| ocean (input from rivers, nutrients sink to the bottom, and upwelling brings back up towards continents), freshwater (rapid cycling due to small size, nutrients taken up by many organisms), atmosphere (mostly Nitrogen from plants, next oxygen, filters out UV and lets heat in and traps it), land (quarter of surface of earth, groundwater and runoff connects to sea and water) |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of elements through an ecosystem |
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Term
|
Definition
| water, biotic links not important, net transfer to land will be transferred back to ocean |
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Term
|
Definition
| biotic links very important, fossil fuels create an imbalance, humans certainly contribute |
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Term
|
Definition
| Attempts to explain the past (based on fossils) and present distributions of organisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| results in taxa in new locations |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| taxa no longer being found in former locations |
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Term
|
Definition
| a barrier arose and divided a species range |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Australia (longest isolation) |
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Term
|
Definition
| rate of arrival of new species balances the rate of extinction |
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Term
|
Definition
| large scale communities or ecosystems across the earth; species may vary at different locations but vegetation is similar |
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