Term
|
Definition
| the interaction between ecology is the study interaction organism and their enviroment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything external to the organism |
|
|
Term
| difference between biotic and abiotic enviroment |
|
Definition
| abiotic is non living biotic living |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of organisms (same species) living together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of similar organisms that can reproduce a fertile offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of populations of different plants and animal species interacting with each other in a given enviroment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes the community and the enviroment (either living or nonliving) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| included all portions of the planet that support life (atmosphere, lithosphere[rock,soil surface], hydrosphere[oceans]) |
|
|
Term
| what are the components of enviroment |
|
Definition
| water, temperature (protoplasm destroyed below 0C or high temp), sunlight, oxygen supply, substratum (soil or rock) |
|
|
Term
| what are the different sunlight zones for water organisms |
|
Definition
| photic-top layter through which light can penetrate, aphotic-lower layer where only animal or other heterotrophic organisms can reside |
|
|
Term
| what are the factors of substratum |
|
Definition
| aka soil or rock…acidity(pH)-acid rain may affect some the growth of plants(who depend on acid soil)….texture-water holding capacity affects roots for plants…..minerals-affect the type of vegetation(sand is leached from minerals making hard to grow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a high percentage of different kinds of soil…this is very popular for plants to grow on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determined by the amount of decayed plant and/or animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defines the functional role of an organism in a ecosystem, not the same as a habitat, two organisms can never occupy the same niche |
|
|
Term
| what are the outcomes of niche competion |
|
Definition
| organisms drive the other to be extinct in different areas…diverge into greatly different organisms |
|
|
Term
| autotrophs vs heterotrophs |
|
Definition
| autotrophs=manufacture their own food (ex. by sunlight)…..heterotrophs=depend on other organisms |
|
|
Term
| difference between herbivores and carnivores |
|
Definition
| herbivores-long digestive tracts for more time to digest, DEPENDS on symbiotic bacteria for digestion…..carniovres-pointy/fanglike teeth and shroter digestion tract because they are good at digestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symbiosis when one benefits and the other isn't affected (remora sucks food shark discarded……barncle attaches to whale to gain more migration to move) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symbiosis when both benefits (birds eat ticks off of rhinos, lichen[algae-energy, fungi-co2,N,house], legumes-N bacteria nutritrents to each other, E Coli) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benefit at expense of hosts, ecto vs endoparisite….include all viruses, some bacteria, most fungi, some worms[better parasites keep their host alive |
|
|
Term
| where does the predator-prey relationship usually end up by time |
|
Definition
| predator affects the prey population but not enough to bring it to extinction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when protists or fungi that decompose(digest) dead organic material, they contribute a lot for cycling of material in the ecosystem….can be consisdered scavngers when they decompose dead animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when animals consume dead animals, require no adaptations |
|
|
Term
| how do organisms cooperate |
|
Definition
| cohesive forces include reproduction,protection from predators and bad weather |
|
|
Term
| which fish live in hyper vs hypoosmotic enviroment |
|
Definition
| hyper-salt water-require ACTIVE excretion to avoid….hypo-fresh water-seldom drink,absorb salts through gills, and excrete dilute urine |
|
|
Term
| how do desert animals osmoregulate |
|
Definition
| camels have fat to prevent sun damage, horned toad have scales to prevent water loss, others burrow in the sand during day and search for food at night |
|
|
Term
| how do plants osmoregulate |
|
Definition
| nondesert osmoregulate by having waxy cuticles on leaf surfaces and stomata on the lower leaf only,shed leaves at winter to prevent water loss, desert-extensive roots,fleshy stems for storing, spiny leaves,thick cuticles,and few stomata to prevent water loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pore, found in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gas exchange and water loss |
|
|
Term
| what is most of the energy released in a organism? |
|
Definition
| 60% is given off as heat, cellular respiration is used for fraction of energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cold blooded animals/plants….most are cold blooded…the body temperature is very close to the enviroments temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| warmblooded animals (mammals,birds), physical adaptations like fat,hair,and feathers help…able to go to wide variety of enviroments |
|
|
Term
| original source of energy |
|
Definition
| producers-autotrophic green plants and chemosynthetic bacteria which utilize energy from sun(stored in a CH bond) and simple raw materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals that consume plants (herbivores) |
|
|
Term
| secondary and tertiary consumers |
|
Definition
| 2nd-consume primary aka carnivores……..3rd eats 2nd |
|
|
Term
| how does the food web affect the community |
|
Definition
| greater the number of pathways, the more stable community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary is always on bottom, tertiary is top…..the pyrimade is based off of energy,mass,and numbers because energy gets lost during feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wiki pic (nitrogen cycle) |
|
|
Term
| how does animals obtain CO2 gas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is CO2 released into the enviroment…..how is it consumed? |
|
Definition
| Co2 is released by ph???????????????????????? |
|
|
Term
| what are other gas cycles include |
|
Definition
| other gas cycles include water, oxygen, and phosphurus |
|
|
Term
| what is required for a stable ecosystem |
|
Definition
| requires a constant energy source, CYCLING of material between living system and its enviroment is very critical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stable, living part of the ecosystem which depends on abiotic factors…and needs to have a unique equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when 1 biotic comminity replaces another, and each SERE(community stage) is identified by its dominant species[grass in grassland example] |
|
|
Term
| what do dominant species of the climax depend on? |
|
Definition
| depends on physical factors like temperatture, soil, rainfall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a distinct comminuty that is distinct by plant domination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| <10in of rain per yr, small animals and plants, usually insects or reptiles, some mammals live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10-30in of rain per year, provide no shelter for herbivour mammals from predators, animals usually have long legs and are hoofed |
|
|
Term
| tropical rain forest biome |
|
Definition
| aka jungles that have high temperature and continous rains, epiphytes(plants on plants), lots of animals, trees are densily packed, sunlight harly hits the floor, include saprophytes(live off dead organic matter) |
|
|
Term
| temperature deciduous forest biome |
|
Definition
| cold winters, warm summers, moderate rainfall, beech,maple,oaks,and willows shed leaves in the winter,,,,include deer,,fox,woodchuck,squrell |
|
|
Term
| temperature coniferous forest biome |
|
Definition
| cold,dry, include [fir,pine,spruce trees], water consiervation[needle leaves], found in southern canada |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less rainfall than temperate, long cold winters, only one coniferous tree[spruce], moss and lichens, has moose, blck bear, wolf, birds…found at northern canada/russia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treeless frozen plain, short rain season, has lichens,moss,polar bears, musk oxen, artic hens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no vegeation, animals generally live near the oceans |
|
|
Term
| what do terrestial biomes depend on? |
|
Definition
| depend on temperaure and rainfall |
|
|
Term
| what are major contributions from aquatic biomes to earth |
|
Definition
| 70% of earth's surface is water, 90% of photosyntheisis |
|
|
Term
| what makes aquatic enviroment unique |
|
Definition
| plants have little affect, it changes very slowly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oceans connect to form large continous bodies, water absorbs heat without changing temperature, good amount of nutrient materials and disolved salts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marine zone- which is at the shore, relatively unstable (gets dry and temp. change), algae,sponges,clams,snail, sea urchins, starfish,crabs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marine zone- includes a sudden drop in depth(from shore to photic zone), algae,crubs,crustacea,fishes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| marine zones-photic:microscopic photosynthesis, heterotrphic organism, nekton, active swimmer(fish,sharks,whales), diotom…..aphotic:cold,high pressure,nekton, benthos(crawling/sessile organisms), scavangers, very competitve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypotonic enviroment(allows water enter organism and release water(by excretion), plants have cell turgor for strong pressure, have strong muscle or hold fasts for swift currents, affected by variations of climate and weather(excepts lakes) |
|
|
