Term
|
Definition
| Long-term average patterns of temperature and precipitation Ð may refer to local, regional or global conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloudiness, wind, and other atmospheric conditions occurring at a specific place and time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major regional ecological community of plants and animals; usually corresponds to plant ecologistsÕ classification of dominant plant life forms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| of leaves, shed during a certain season (winter in temperate regions; dry season in the tropics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| applied to trees and shrubs in which there is no complete seasonal loss of leaves; two types, broadleaf and needleleaf. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| development of similar characteristics in different species living in different areas under similar environmental conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of water between atmosphere and Earth by way of precipitation and evaporation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flowing water (rivers and streams) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shallow waters where light penetrates to the bottom, allowing growth of SAV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surface layer of water to the compensation depth (photosynthesis = respiration) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deeper waters below the compensation depth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low nutrients and biological production, although often well oxygenated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high nutrients and biological production, but may be depleted of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a transition area between the aquatic and upland terrestrial environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a partially enclosed embayment where freshwater and seawater meet and mix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shoreward fringe of the seabed between the highest and lowest extent of the tides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shoreward fringe of the seabed between the highest and lowest extent of the tides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the occurrence of dominant species in distinct horizontal bands; a nearly universal feature of the intertidal zone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals living on the surface of the substratum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals living within the sediments (below the sediment-water interface) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms whose shortest dimension is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms smaller than 0.5 mm but greater than or equal to 0.1 mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms smaller than 0.1 mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ingest sediment and associated organic matter and microbial organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capture particles from the water column that include bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| feed on photosynthetic autotrophs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| feed on dead animals and plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develop in shallow basins, from upland depressions to filled-in lakes and ponds; water flow is vertical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develop along shallow and periodically flooded banks of rivers; water flow is unidirectional |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occur along the coasts of large lakes; water flow is in two directions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wetlands dominated by emergent herbaceous vegetation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wetlands occasionally or seasonally flooded by river waters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wetlands characterized by an accumulation of organic matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depend on groundwater for water and nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depend on precipitation for water and nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves duration, frequency, depth, and season of flooding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the explicit incorporation of science into ecosystem conservation and restoration strategies; the goal of active adaptive management determine best management practices by experimentally testing alternative approaches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Range of natural resources provided by ecosystems that humans draw on as essential resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of resource harvested per time |
|
|
Term
| Rotation period (harvest interval): |
|
Definition
| amount of time required for resource to return to level of previous harvest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar yield at each harvest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be resupplied or regenerated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cannot be resupplied or regenerated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a community consisting of a single crop species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a species becomes extinct when the last existing member of that species dies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nonnative species that successfully colonizes a disturbed area or empty niche, spreads, and outcompetes associated native species |
|
|
Term
| Effective population size: |
|
Definition
| the size of an ideal population that would undergo the same amount of random |
|
|
Term
| Minimum viable population (MVP): |
|
Definition
| size of a population that, with a given probability, will ensure the populationÕs existence for a stated period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimum suitable habitat necessary for maintaining the MVP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diversity is not equally distributed over the land and oceans surfaces of the planet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| returning a degraded wetland or former wetland to pre-exisiting condition or as close to that |
|
|
Term
| Industrialized agriculture (mechanized or high input): |
|
Definition
| depends on large inputs of energy in the form of fossil fuels, chemical fertilizers, irrigation systems, and pesticides |
|
|
Term
| traditional agriculture (low input): |
|
Definition
| subsistence agriculture in which primarily human labor and draft animals are used to provide only enough for a family to survive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the nutrient enrichment of aquatic ecosystems due to runoff (high in nitrates and phosphates) from adjacent agricultural fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves removing the forest and reverting to an early stage of succession |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removes all trees from an area except for a small number of seed-bearing trees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mature single trees or groups of trees scattered through the forest are removed |
|
|
Term
| maximum sustainable yield: |
|
Definition
| Species harvested at a rate equal to the annual growth rate Ñ production of new individuals just offsets the mortality represented by harvest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-targeted organisms that are captured in fisheries for targeted species |
|
|
