Term
| K life history strategies |
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Definition
| favor persistence in more stable environments |
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Term
| r life history strategies |
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Definition
| favor persistence in fluctuating environments with periodic high resource availability |
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Term
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Definition
| an equation that describes population growth over time |
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Term
| when N (# individuals in population) is small... |
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Definition
| 1-(N/K) is close to 0 and r is close to r max |
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Term
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Definition
| group of individual of the same species in a certain area that interact with each other |
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Term
| spatial distribution: geographic |
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Definition
| ecologically suited habitat. Primary factor=climate. Species may be absent depending on available flora and biotic interactions |
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Term
| spatial distribution: local |
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Definition
| population/subpopulations in habitat patches. Influenced by topograohy, geology (soils), disturbances, and biotic interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals relatively evenly spaced throughout habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals positioned at locations selected at random |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals grouped together (most common form of dispersion) |
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Term
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Definition
| change in population size with continuous reproduction by a constant proportion at each instant in time |
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Term
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Definition
| state factors and biotic interactions influence potential and actual distributions |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms reproduce together each year. rate = λ = Nt+1/Nt or Nt+1= λ Nt |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous reproduction. rate= dN/dt=rN or Nt=No*e^rt |
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Term
| density dependent limitation to exponential growth |
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Definition
| resources (food/space), predators, pathogens |
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Term
| density independent limitation to exponential growth |
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Definition
| climate, catastrophic disturbances, pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
1-(N/K) -> 1
dN/dt is large |
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Term
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Definition
1-(N/K) -> 0
dN/dt is small |
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Term
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Definition
| study of populations, often dealing with age-specific survivorship and reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| rates of birth and death and distribution of individuals among age classes |
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Term
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Definition
| group of individuals born at the same time (cohort) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| survivorship and mortality in population |
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Term
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Definition
| a product of previous reproduction and survival; influences future reproduction |
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Term
| demographic stochasticity |
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Definition
| variation in survival, reproduction. due to chance |
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Term
| environmental stochasticity |
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Definition
| variation in environmental conditions. unpredictable |
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Term
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Definition
| regional populations (of same species) connected by [genetic] exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of interacting species that occur together at the same place and time |
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Term
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Definition
| spatial and temporal organization of coexisting organisms. species diversity and composition are important components |
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Term
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Definition
| the diversity of important ecological entities that span multiple spatial scales, from genes to species to communities. (variety, of plants and animals and other living things in a particular area or region). |
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Term
| trophic cascade (energies) |
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Definition
| a change in the rate of consumption at one trophic level that results in a series of changes in species abundance or composition at lower trophic levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of species in a community |
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Term
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Definition
| a graph that plots the proportional abundance of each species in a community relative to the others in rank order, from most abundant to least abundant |
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Term
| species-area curve (or relationship) |
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Definition
| the relationship between species richness and the area smapled |
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Term
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Definition
| occurring in a particular geographic location and nowhere else on Earth |
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Term
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Definition
Which species (and how many) will be present in a community?
regional species pool -> dispersal/immigration -> environmental filtersm (abiotic factors) -> local community species interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| numbers of species depend on the balance between species appearance and disappearance |
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Term
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Definition
| relative abundance of species in a community compared with one another (distribution of species in a community) |
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Term
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Definition
| an interaction between individuals of two species in which each is harmed by their shared use of a resource that limits their ability to grow, survive, or reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle that two species that use a limiting resource in the same way cannot coexist indefinitely |
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Term
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Definition
| environmental conditions in which a species can potentially live |
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Term
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Definition
| actual distribution within the fundamental niche, determined by biotic interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| when added in larger quantity, increases a parameter of interest (growth, survival, reproduction) |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in which competition causes the phenotypes of competing species to evolve to become more different over time, thereby causing the species to become more different where they live together than where they live apart |
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Term
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Definition
| a process by which natural selection drives competing species into different patterns of resource use or different niches. allows two species to partition certain resources so that one species does not out-compete the other |
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Term
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Definition
| uneven distribution of various concentrations of each species within an area |
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Term
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Definition
| for example, one species is active at night while another is active during the day |
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Term
| intermediate disturbance hypothesis |
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Definition
| species diversity in communities should be greatest at intermediate levels of disturbance/stress/predation |
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Term
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Definition
| a directional change over time in the composition and structure of the biotic community |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| follows removal of all biomass (Ex: glaciation/volcano) |
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Term
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Definition
| follows less biomass removal (Ex: fire/hurricane/windthrow) |
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