Term
| difference between mutualism and commensalism |
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Definition
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Term
| a parasite that causes disease |
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Definition
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Term
| consumption of woody vegetation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the capacity of a parasite to invade host tissues and proliferate in them |
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Term
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Definition
Nitrogen compound
Nonprotein amino acids
Terpenoids |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals that are maintained at high level in plant tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals that are activated by damage to the plant |
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Term
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Definition
| thorns, spikes, needles, spines |
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Term
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Definition
| facilitate establishment of plants of another species that will eventually compete for resources |
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Term
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Definition
| the partners are specialized in complementary ways to obtain energy and nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| receive food or shelter from their partners in return for defending those partners against their consumers |
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Term
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Definition
| dispersal of pollens and seed |
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Term
| Density dependent regulation |
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Definition
| populations are self-limiting because resources become scarcer as consumer population grows |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate of change in the prey pop |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate of change in the predator pop. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the epidemic can no longer sustain itself |
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Term
| Functional response Type 1 |
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Definition
| The prey capture rate increases without limit as the density of prey population increases |
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Term
| Functional response type 2 |
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Definition
| The prey capture rate levels off |
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Term
| Functional response type 3 |
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Definition
| The prey capture rate levels off and predators consume relatively fewer prey at low prey densities and switch to alternative prey. |
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Term
| Circumstances that cause type 3 functional response |
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Definition
-Heterogeneous habitat that has limited number of safe hiding places for prey
-At low prey densities predators encounter prey less often and so do not learn to hunt them as efficiently
-Predator may switch to alternative sources of prey when particular prey are scarce |
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Term
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Definition
| predator hunts one prey exclusively at high density and alternative prey at low density. |
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Term
| Alternative stable states |
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Definition
-Consumer imposed equilibrium
-Resource imposed equilibrium |
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Term
| Intraspecific competition |
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Definition
| occurs between individuals of the same species |
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Term
| Liebig’s law of the minimum: |
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Definition
| a single resource that is most scarce relative to demand that limits population growth |
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Term
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Definition
| when two resources together enhance the growth of a consumer more than the sum of both individually |
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Term
| competitive exclusion principle |
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Definition
| two species cannot coexist indefinitely when the same resource limits both species |
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Term
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Definition
| where one species (A) might exploit resources more efficiently while another species (B) is better at tolerating stressful conditions or avoiding consumers |
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Term
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Definition
| where individuals compete indirectly through their mutual effects on shared resources |
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Term
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Definition
| competitors interact directly by aggressively defending resources |
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Term
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Definition
| toxic chemicals produced by plants that interfere with competing plants |
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Term
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Definition
| when 2 species with a mutual predator affect eachother. one may increase in abundance and then increase the predator abundance and decrease the abundance of the other prey species. |
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Term
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Definition
| The reciprocal evolution in two or more interacting species of adaptations selected by their interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| when organisms blend in with the background by matching color and pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| when palatable prey organisms resemble noxious ones |
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Term
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Definition
| when several unpalatable species adopt a single pattern of warning coloration |
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Term
| Genotype – genotype interactions |
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Definition
| differences in the expression (and fitness) of genotypes in one species depending on the genotypes of another species |
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Term
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Definition
| divergence in the traits of two otherwise similar species where their ranges overlap, caused by the selective effects of competition between them |
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Term
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Definition
| where two species coexist within the same geographic area |
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Term
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Definition
| where geographic ranges do not overlap |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportion of a sample area covered by a particular species |
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Term
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Definition
| number, density or biomass of individuals within a sample area |
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Term
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Definition
| number of species within an area |
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Term
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Definition
| proportional representation of a species in a sample or community |
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Term
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Definition
| the abundances of species (on log scale) ranked from the most common to the rarest |
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Term
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Definition
| species with high abundance in a community |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| species area relationship |
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Term
| Energy-diversity hypothesis |
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Definition
| correlation between PET and species richness |
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Term
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Definition
| number of species in a small area of homogenous habitat |
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Term
| Regional (gamma) diversity |
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Definition
| the total number of species observed in all habitats within a geographic area |
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Term
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Definition
| turnover in species from one habitat to another |
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Term
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Definition
| Sorensen similarity index |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the species that occur within a region |
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Term
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Definition
| a process that determines membership in a local community based on the tolerance of species from the regional species pool for local conditions, their requirements for resources, or their interactions with competitors, predators, and pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| environmental variables that caused species sorting |
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Term
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Definition
| when species from a region of low species richness show expansion in habitat and resource use and increase in abundance |
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Term
| Communities with different number of species can differ with respect to only three factors: |
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Definition
Total community niche space
Niche overlap among species
Niche breadth (degree of specialization) of individual species |
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Term
| In a community with a fixed volume of total niche space species can be added by |
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Definition
Increasing niche overlap
Decreasing niche breadth |
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Term
| intermediate disturbance hypothesis |
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Definition
| moderate level of disturbances makes a mosaic of habitat patches of different stages of succession in a community |
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Term
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Definition
| herbivory could be responsible for the high species richness in tropical forest – Daniel Janzen |
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Term
| Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography |
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Definition
| Emphasizes the potential importance of large-scale regional processes for understanding ecological patterns |
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