Term
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Definition
| Abundance, Density, Spacial Distribution, Movement, Age Structure, Sex Ratio, Mortality, and Natality |
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Term
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Definition
Grows by repeated iteration of parts (leaves, shoots, branches, polyps).
Includes colonial and clonal organisms (plants, corals, sponges). Modules may separate and become physiologically independent. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Individual arising asexually |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of ramets that arise from same genet |
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Term
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Definition
Arise from a zygote,
grow by determinate pathway,
includes vertebrates, arthropods, some plants |
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Term
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Definition
| Assemblage of spatially distinct subpopulations. Landscapes are patchy with subpopulations distributed among patches. |
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Term
| Original Metapopulation Model |
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Definition
| Patches of habitat in landscape, some patches occupied while others vacant. mortality/natality more important than dispersal |
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Term
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Definition
| Landscape has different size patches. Mainland supports large core populations and resistant to extinction. Island patches are small and more prone to extinction. Core colonists recolonize satellites, results in repeating extinction-colonization cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Patches differ in quality. Source patches have high quality, support positive growth, and have source the colonists to sink patches. Sink patches are poor quality and have negative growth. Sink patches will go extinct without new colonists. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of animals in a population per area measured. (ex. whitetail deer per sq. mile) |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of individuals per usable habitat. Difficult to measure and is seldom used. (ex. quail per mile of hedgerow). |
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Term
| Patterns of Spatial Dispersion |
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Definition
| Random, Clumped/Aggregated, Uniform/Regular |
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Term
| Random Spatial Dispersion |
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Definition
| Position of individuals is unrelated. Caused by lack of interactions between individuals and/or resources randomly distributes. |
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Term
| Clumped/Aggregated Spatial Dispersion |
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Definition
| Positions of individuals positively related (clumps). Caused by attraction between individuals and/or clumped resources |
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Term
| Problem of Scale on Spatial Dispersion |
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Definition
| Different patterns emerge with change in observation scale. Multiple patterns means multiple processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses wind, water, gravity, or animals. Commonly used by plants, fungi, plankton, some animals. Distance traveled is relatively short. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs among motile organisms. Natal dispersal involves dispersal of offspring while breeding dispersal involves movement to find breeding site. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass movement of animals in response to changing environment. Distance traveled can be feet or thousands of miles. Timed with regular temporal cycles (tidal, seasonal, etc). |
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Term
| Ways of Categorizing Age Classes |
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Definition
| Time intervals/Age (days, months, years), Life History Stages (ex. egg, larva pupa) (pre-reproductive, reproductive, post-reproductive are also examples). Size classes (seedling, sapling, pole) |
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Term
| For stable mammal and bird populations, what is the rough ratio of young to adults? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ratio at fertilization. Usually 1:1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Ratio at birth. Often near 1:1. Sometimes skewed-usually toward males. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ratio at sexual maturity, often skewed: birds towards males, mammals towards females. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ratio among post reproductive individuals. Typically skewed toward females. |
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Term
| Ways of Measuring Death Rate |
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Definition
| Mortality (number of deaths during a time period), Survivorship (number of survivors over a time period), Life expectancty (life remaining for individuals of a given age) |
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Term
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Definition
Lx is the number surviving to the beginning of the age class.
Nx is the number surviving to start of age class for cohort of 1000.
dx is the number dying during an age class for a cohort of 1000.
qx is the mortality rate for an age interval.
For Fecundity Schedule: add mx (average number of births per survivor during the age class), and add Lx*mx (average number of births during the age interval for the original cohort). Maternity is births divided by survivors. |
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Term
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Definition
Type 1 - low mortality in the young age class, increasing mortality with old age (large vertebrates).
Type II - Constant mortality rate for all ages (many birds).
Type III - High mortality rate in younger age classes and decreasing with old age. |
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Term
| Ways of Measuring Birth Rate |
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Definition
Natality rate - Number of births during a time period.
Physiological Natality - Maximum possible offspring per individual for a time period.
Realized Natality - Actual number of successful births over a time period. |
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Term
| Net Reproductive Rate (R0) |
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Definition
| R0= ∑(Lx*mx) Expressed as average number of offspring per individual during their lifetime, if R0 is 1 the population is stable, greater than 1 its growing, less than 1 its shrinking |
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Term
| Finite Rate of Increase (λ) |
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Definition
| λ= Nt+1/Nt If λ is 1 the population is stable, greater than 1 its growing, less than 1 its shrinking |
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Term
| Per Capita Rate of Increase (r) |
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Definition
Average change per individual for an entire population.
Estimated as r=lnR0/Tt
r=0 stable, r greater growing, r less shrinking |
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Term
| Mean Cohort Generation Time (Tc) |
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Definition
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