Term
| The total count of all individuals in a population or other group is a ___ |
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Definition
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In ecological population studies, numbers of individuals are basic information:: ______
-- is the abundance expressed per unit area OR unit volume |
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| is the number of individuals in a given area |
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Term
| counting in clumps is recommended when measuring ___ or ___ coverage for this tyoe if vegitation |
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Definition
aerial coverage
basal coverage |
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| is the number of times a given event occurs |
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Term
| is the weight of individuals of a population, or group of population and often is expressed per unit area of volume |
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Term
| is useful in visualizing the trophic structure of a community |
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Definition
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Term
| is generally used in a field or prarie situation and consists of measuring circumference or diameter of a clump of grass 2-3cm above the ground and calculating the circular area for the foilage. |
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| the proportion of its coverage compared to that of all species in the community |
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Term
| the degree of cover is sometimes considered as a measure of ____ in a community |
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Term
| is the proportion of the ground occupied by a perpendicular projection to the ground from the outline of aerial parts of the members of a plant species |
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| the area covered by the species divided by the total habitat area |
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Definition
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Term
| the diameter of the crown of foilage is taken at the densest portion and the coverage area is determined by assuming a circular outline |
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Definition
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Term
a method that is a basic and commonly used procedure for sampling many types of organisms
normally rectangle or square but other shapes can be used |
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Term
| when the forest attempts to encroach on the prairie |
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Term
| streams are ____ being flowing bodies or water |
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Definition
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Term
| relatively still areas of water from a stream |
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Definition
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Term
| a rapid flow over gravel or rocks |
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Definition
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Term
| areas of deeper flow within a stream |
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Definition
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Term
| water contains dissolved _____ (hint: organic molecule) |
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Definition
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Term
| water has only (fraction) the amount of oxygen as air and oxygen diffuses more slowly through water in the air |
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Definition
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Term
gills of a fish contain ___ which increases the surface area of the gills and allow for greater exchange of oxygen between the blood capillaries and water.
in water, they are freely separated but when exposed to air they collapse together |
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Definition
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Term
| water molecules will diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane such as the wall of a fish cell from the cilute to the more concentrated side of the membrane |
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Term
| do freshwater fish need to "drink" in water? |
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Definition
| No, water moves from osmosis into the cells and there is a danger of too much water entering and the cell swelling |
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Term
| do marine fish need to "drink" water? |
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Definition
| yes, the water diffuses from the cells into the sea |
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Term
| the hydrostatic pressure that increases as water enters the plant |
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Definition
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Term
| the measure of turgidity and hense the water content of plants |
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Definition
relative water content
(RWC) |
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Term
| three measurements are needed to determine RWC (relative water content) |
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Definition
1. dry weight
2. turgud weight
3. dry weight |
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Term
| in arid conditions, RWC (relative water content) valures less than 50% causes the plant to___. |
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Definition
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Term
plants can undergoe ______ to deal with water stress.
increased amounts of the amino acid praline or sugars such as glucose and fructose increase solute. Nice traction drawing water into cells |
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Definition
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Term
stress plants may drop their leaves in a process called _____.
reduces the amount of root mass needed to supply water under arid conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| a tree that does best when completedly flooded and thus are found predominantly in swamps |
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Definition
water rupelo tree
Nyssa aquatics |
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Term
the point where a combination of low temperatures and high winds makes transpiration exceed water uptake..
readily apparent in many mountainsides |
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Definition
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Term
| the rate of population growth can be expressed as |
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Definition
R=B-D
R: rate of growth
B: rate of birth
D: rate of death |
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Term
| population growth in the presence of immigration and emigration would be: |
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Definition
R= (B+I)-(D+E)
R: rate of growth
B: rate of birth
D: rate of death
i: immigration
E: emmigration |
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Term
| instantaneous growth rate |
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Definition
R= dN/dt
dt: change in time
dN: the change in the population size over that time period |
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Term
| in a limited environment the species will exhibit a _____ shaped growth curve |
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Definition
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Term
| a sigmoid curve/ s-shaped growth curve that depicts a limited environment is predicted in the population theory and is referred to as a ____ curve |
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Definition
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Term
| three assumptions of mark & recapture |
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Definition
1. all individuals in this population must have an equal and independent chance of being captured (the two samples taken from the population must be random samples)
2. there is no change in the ratio of marked to unmarked animals.
3. marked individuals distibute themselves homogeneously with respect to unmarked ones so that the unmarked animals have the same opportunuty for capture in the second sample as do marked ones. |
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Term
| the striving by two or more individuals for a common resource in short supplu, with a disadvantage accruing to at lease be of the opponent |
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Definition
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Term
| a type of competition that occurs between individuals of the same population |
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Definition
| intraspecific competition |
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Term
| a type of competition that is inbetween two or more species and tends to result in the survival of only one species |
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Definition
| intERspacific competition |
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Term
| _____ ______ principle: complete competitors cannot coexist. |
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Definition
| competition exclusion princlple |
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Term
| if two species have requirements dissimilar enough so that the competitive impact of each on the other is low, then they are considered to be ______ _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ - selected species exploit less crowded ecological niches, and produce many offspring each of which has a relatively low probability of surviving to adulthood |
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Definition
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Term
__-selected species are strong cometitors in crowded niches, and invest relatively high probability of surviving to adulthood
examples: whales & elephants |
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Definition
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Term
the arrangement of members of a population within a habitat is referred to as
1.
2.
3. |
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Definition
| distribution, dispersion, or pattern |
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Term
| three basic patterns of dispersion |
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Definition
| uniform, random, contagious |
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Term
| distribution of organisms within an orchid or cornfield is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
| you can statistically analyze a population and if the dispersion of individuals is random, the population will conform to what is known as : |
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Definition
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Term
| the ____ _____ hypothesis supposes of natural enemies reduce prey density and decreases prey completion, thus permitting coexistence of more prey species |
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Definition
| natural enemies hypothesis |
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Term
| use of an organism to supress a pest population |
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Definition
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Term
| lives in a symbiotic relationship with a host and harms it in the process. |
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| protists, bacteria, viruses, and fungal spres are very tiny and can be mixed with water or other carriers and applied in a similar wat to the way pesticides are used |
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Definition
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Term
| the vedalia beetle and a parasitoids fly were introduced from Australia in order to control |
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Definition
| cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi |
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Term
| a species that entera a new ecosystem from a different area. when they arrive, they often encounter few competitors and few predators. their population numbers usually skyrocket |
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Definition
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Term
| in ants: fertilized eggs become |
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Definition
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| in ants, unfertilized eggs become |
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| multiple queens per mound |
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Definition
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Term
| winged queens leave mounds in ... |
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Definition
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Term
| fire ant densities are higher in ____ than in ____ |
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Definition
| United states/ South America |
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Definition
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Term
| causes queen's abdomen to shrink |
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Definition
the ant tisease
thelohania solenopsae |
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| phorid fly is considered a |
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