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| is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between orgabisms and their environment or surroundings. |
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| contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land water and air or the atmosphere |
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| is a group of organisms so similar that they can breed and produce fertile off spring |
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| groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area |
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| assemblages or different populations that live together in a defined area |
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| is a collection of organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving or physical environment |
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| is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominate communities |
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| things that capture sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food. |
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| things that make their own food |
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| when autotrophs use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
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| when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
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| organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food |
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| is another name for a heterotroph |
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| animals that eat other animals |
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| eat both plants and animals |
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| feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter. collectively called detritus |
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| break down organic matter |
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| a series of steps by which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
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| when feeding relationships in among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions |
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| each step in a food chain or food web |
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| diagram that shows the relative amount of enrgy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web |
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| the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
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| process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another |
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| the process by which water changes to an atmospheric gas |
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| when water enters the atmosphere through leaves of plants |
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| all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life |
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| when legumes convert nitrogen gas into ammonia |
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| when other soild bacteria converts nitrates into nitrogen gas |
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| thw rate in which organic matter is created by producers |
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| when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly |
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| when an aquatic ecosystem recieves a large input of limiting nutrient the result is often an immediate increase in algae and other producers |
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