Term
| Animal communication involves what type of sensory information? |
|
Definition
| Visual, auditory, and chemical |
|
|
Term
| How do animals use pheromones to communicate? |
|
Definition
| Pheromones are a chemical substance that are produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or an insect, affecting the behavior or physiology of others of its species. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social behaviour related to fighting; includes threats, displays, retreats, placation, and conciliation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| do not have to be learned or practiced; also called instinctive behaviors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavior by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of the actor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (of a young animal) come to recognize (another animal, person, or thing) as a parent or other object of habitual trust. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is true about imprinting? |
|
Definition
| It may be triggered by visual or chemical stimuli. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is true of innate behaviors? |
|
Definition
| Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions. |
|
|
Term
| Levels of ecological organization |
|
Definition
| Individual -> Population -> Community -> Ecosystem -> Biosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which unrelated or distantly related organisms evolve similar body forms, coloration, organs, and adaptations. |
|
|
Term
| The growing season is shortest in which biome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are there no trees in the Tundra ? |
|
Definition
| Not only is the ground too hard and frozen to support such huge organisms but there are not enough sunny days for photosynthesis to occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| global variety of species and ecosystems and the ecological processes of which they are part, covering three components: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals in a population are evenly spaced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment. |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of K-selection: |
|
Definition
| Stable environment, density dependent interactions, large sized organisms, energy used to make each individual is high, few offspring, late maturity, long life expectancy, individuals can reproduce more than once in their lifetime, most individuals live to near the maximum life span |
|
|
Term
| In which of the following habitats would you expect to find the largest number of K-selected individuals? |
|
Definition
| the flora and fauna of a coral reef in the Caribbean |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following characterizes relatively K-selected populations? |
|
Definition
| offspring with good chances of survival |
|
|
Term
| Why do populations grow more slowly as they approach their carrying capacity? |
|
Definition
| Density-dependent factors lead to fewer births and increased mortality. |
|
|
Term
| Population ecologists are primarily interested in |
|
Definition
| understanding how biotic and abiotic factors influence the density, distribution, size, and age structure of populations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| graph showing the number or proportion of individuals surviving to each age for a given species or group |
|
|
Term
| Competitive Exclusion Principle |
|
Definition
| proposition that states that two species competing for the same resource cannot coexist at constant population values, if other ecological factors remain constant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species divide a niche to avoid competition for resources; sometimes the competition is between species, called interspecific competition, and sometimes it's between individuals of the same species, or intraspecific competition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both; The monarch butterfly is poisonous when eaten, and the viceroy butterfly, the mimic, is not. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decomposers (mushrooms, worms) -> Primary Producers (plants) -> primary consumers (herbivores) -> secondary consumers -> (primary carnivores/omnivores) -> tertiary consumers (top carnivores) |
|
|
Term
| What happens to energy as it moves up the food chain ? |
|
Definition
| Most of the energy is lost (almost 90% of the energy is lost) |
|
|
