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| Primary Succession vs Secondary |
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Definition
Primary: colonization of an area for the first time usually starts with pioneer species such as lichens
Secondary: colonization of an area that once supported vegetation after an ecological disturbance |
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| Early successional vs late successional species |
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Definition
Early: r-selected, pioneer species, small
Late: k-selected large slow growing |
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Term
| Yellow Stone National Park |
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Definition
| Established 1872 under Teddy Roosevelt but it was John Muir's idea |
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| Beatles and insects compose.. |
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Definition
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| differential reproductive success of individual organisms changes genetic traits of a population |
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Definition
| ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment |
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Definition
| characteristic changes in a gene |
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Term
| 3 outcomes of natural selection |
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Definition
directional selection: favor extreme phenotypes over another
stabilizing selection: favors phenotypes near the population mean
disruptive selection: selection for extremes of both ends results in polymorphism |
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Definition
| effect of starting a populationin a new location with a small number of colonists, lack of genetic variation: markedly different new population may arise |
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Definition
| Over a period of time some genes in a population are fixed and other alleles are lost |
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| a species in which subpopulations occupy in the same area at the same time have oppertunity to breed |
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Definition
| a species in which subpopulations wee separated geographically (no oppertunity to mate) |
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Definition
| (slope like) measurable, gradual change in population characteristics over a range of geological region (result of adaptation to ecological gradient) |
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Definition
| (staircase like) genetic strains of subpopulations adapted to its unique local environmental conditions |
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Term
| Outbreeding depression; give an example. |
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Definition
| Outcrossing two subpopulation resulting in decreased fertility, loss of vigor, reduced fitness, reduced pollen and seed fertility in plants, and even death. Example: bobwhilte quails. |
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Term
| The smaller the population, the more rapid genetic drift occurs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Disruptive selection could result in genetic polymorphism. |
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Definition
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Term
| Directional selection is the most common phenomenon. |
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Term
| The population of northern elephant seals has rebound but still lack of diversity. |
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Definition
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Term
| That biodiversity is higher in and around ecotones and edges is called |
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Term
| The term ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY coined by |
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| Fire that is intentionally set to manage ecosystem is |
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| That a non-toxic spp. resembles a toxic species is |
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Definition
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Term
| relative abundance calculation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| take species that are common and take the lowest of the two and add all up |
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| 2(#in common)/total # of species |
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Term
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Definition
The change of surface temperature in a body of water causes redistribution of nutrients in the water.
In the fall, cold, dense H2O sinks from the surface until the temperature become uniform throughout the lake/pond. Nutrients and O2 are evenly distributed.
In the spring, surface temp increases; lower water layer temp decreases |
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Term
| Temperature stratification |
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Definition
1. Epilimnion: warm, oxygen-rich upper layer of water
2. Metalimnion: zone with a significant drop in temp.
Thermocline: layer in a thermally stratified body of water in which temperature changes rapidly relative to the remainder of the body.
3. Hypolimnion: cold, oxygen-poor layer of water. |
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Term
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Definition
Oligotrophic: nutrient-poor
Eutrophic: nutrient-rich
Hypertrophic = cultural eutrophic |
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Term
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Definition
secchi disc
turbidity meter |
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Term
| 1. What are the three layers of a lake in the summer according to the significant distribution of O2 and temperature? |
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Definition
a. Epilimnion
b. Metalimnion
c. Hypolimnion |
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Term
| 2. What is the spring and fall overturn of a lake or a pond? |
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Definition
| A transition of oxygen and temp from a heterogenous distribution to a homogenerous distribution throughout a lake or a pond in late fall and early spring. |
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Definition
| The water layer that oxygen and temp dramatically decrease. |
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Term
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Definition
| a. A measure of decomposition rate using litter materials in the aquatic ecosystems. |
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