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Definition
| change in genetic composition of a population over time |
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| group of interbreeding individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| the favoring of certain traits that increase the survivability/reproduction of the individual |
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Definition
| alteration in an organism that increases its ability to survive/reproduce (implication is genetic/evolutionary) |
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Definition
| being able to survive and produce successful offspring |
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Definition
| measurable traits that depend on the cumulative action of many genes |
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Term
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Definition
| fraction of variation of a trait that is due to genetic factors |
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Definition
| genetic makeup of an individual for a trait (i.e. specific combination of alleles) |
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Term
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Definition
| different versions of the same gene |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of occurances of an allele out of all alleles for that gene within a population |
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Term
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Definition
| different individuals in a population have different genetic compositions for the same locus |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in the genetic composition of a population due to losses by random chance |
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Term
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Definition
| two different alleles for the same locus within an individual |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| both extremes are favored; can lead to speciation |
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Term
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Definition
| when a parasite species tricks a host species into raising and providing for their offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of individuals over geographic space away from their population of origin |
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Term
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Definition
| when an organism's distribution is influenced by its choice of where to live |
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Term
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Definition
| environmental factors (physical, chemical, and resource) that allow for the existence of a species, discounting species interactions (other than food) |
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Term
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Definition
| part of fundamental niche that takes into account interactions with other species; is smaller than the fundamental niche |
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Term
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Definition
| areas in which the species actually lives, as determined by the realized niche |
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Term
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Definition
| physical areas that meet the factors of the fundamental niche; places where the species can theoretically live |
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Term
| Factors that restrict the process of natural selection |
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Definition
| gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, change in environment, design constraints |
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Term
| how gene flow restricts natural selection |
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Definition
| non-useful genes entering a population and 'muddying the waters' |
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Term
| how genetic drift restricts natural selection |
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Definition
| random chance eliminating useful genes from the gene pool |
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Term
| how mutation restricts natural selection |
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Definition
| frequently detrimental to a population |
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Term
| how change in environment restricts natural selection |
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Definition
| if a population is adapting one way and the environment changes, they are less able to adapt. Also, if the environment is frequently changing there is not a chance to optimize to a particular environment |
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Term
| how design constraints restrict natural selection |
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Definition
| penguin will never equal dog. Species must work with what they have. |
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Term
| How genetic variation is maintained in populations, and why small populations are of particular concern in that regard: |
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Definition
| Same things that restrict natural selection also maintain genetic variation. Small populations are more affected by random chance because an event that kills off a portion of the population is more likely to eliminate some variations entirely. |
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Term
| Evidence that is necessary for us to conclude that 1) evolution has occured and 2) natural selection has occured. |
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Definition
1. Inherited variation for a trait (variation within or between populations)
2. Mechanisms for change (hypothesized or otherwise)
3. Differences in success for different phenotypes |
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Term
| Difference between evolution and natural selection |
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Definition
| Important difference is heritability (i.e. that the change is genetic) |
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Term
| Factors that may limit distributions |
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Definition
Dispersal limitations
Habitat selection
Physical/chemical factors of the area
Species interactions (predation, competition)
Random chance (can't test for that) |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms |
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