Term
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Definition
a close ecological relationship
between individuals of two species.
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Definition
| via a vector (an animal host) |
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| Gene-for-gene interactions |
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Definition
a specific response that makes particular plant genotypes resistant to
particular parasite genotypes |
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Definition
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Term
Dynamics and Spread of Diseases Equation
dI/dt= |
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Definition
dI/dt=BSI-dI
A disease will spread when dI/dt> 0
B=transmission rate per encounter
S= density of susceptible individuals
I= density of infected
d=death and recovery |
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Term
each (SI).
A disease will establish and spread when the number of
susceptible individuals exceeds the
threshold density: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Vt= threshold level of vaccination or nessecary number resistant individuals to eradicate disease
B=transmission rate per encounter
d=recovery rate |
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Term
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Definition
Basic reproductive rate, formally, the average number of secondary cases
caused by an infectious individual in a totally
susceptible population. |
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Term
| commensalism = _/ _ signs |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
each partner gains a benefit but is
not dependent |
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Term
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Definition
each partner gains a benefit and is
dependent
*can also be one is dependant and other isnt |
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Term
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Definition
| any relationship between two species of organisms that benefits both specie |
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Term
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Definition
a mutualist receives energy or nutrients from its
partner. |
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Term
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Definition
individuals that increase offspring
production by overexploiting their mutualistic partner |
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Term
LotkaVolterra equations for mutualisms
dN/dt |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are groups of interacting species that occur together at the same place and time. |
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Definition
| The number of species present in any given locale |
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Term
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Definition
D= ∑(Ni/N)^2
ni = the number of individuals in species i
N = the total number of individuals of all species
D ranges from 0 to 1
With zero being more diverse |
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Term
| Simpsons Index of diversity |
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Definition
Simpson’s index of diversity
1-D (1 -Simpson’s index)
higher is more diverse.
The probability that 2 individuals
randomly selected from a sample will belong to
the same species. |
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Term
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Definition
are groups of species that
have similar ways of obtaining energy
(e.g., primary producers, primary
consumers). |
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Term
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Definition
Some plant & herbivore species clearly support most
a species whose removal causes
disproportionately strong changes that spread
throughout the food web (Paine 1966). |
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Term
| Foundation species(dominant species) |
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Definition
This pattern seems more apparent
in low-diversity communities
a species
(such as the kelp of the Pacific kelp forest) that defines
much of the structure of a community and creates local
stable conditions for other species (Dayton 1972). |
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Term
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Definition
kelp forests
they create, modify, or
maintain physical habitat for themselves and other
species (such as trees in a forest; often also a
foundation species) |
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Term
| indirect effects: interaction chains |
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Definition
a species affects the abundance of an
intermediate species (via a consumption interaction) which
then affects the abundance of the recipient species (via a
consumption interaction) |
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Term
| indirect effects: Interaction modification |
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Definition
| a species changes the consumption interaction between two other species without itself being involved in a consumption interaction with either of those species |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a consumer is indirectly facilitated by a positive interaction between its prey and another species. |
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Definition
| a carnivore eats an herbivore, and decreases its abundance such that it has an indirect positive effect on the primary producer. |
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Definition
| The number of actual interactions in a food web divided by the number of possible interactions. |
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Definition
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Definition
| a predator that eats a variety of species |
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| increase in connectance will cause what effect to the ecosystem? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
involves the colonization of
habitats devoid of life (e.g., volcanic rock). |
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Term
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Definition
involves reestablishment of a community in which some, but not all, organisms
have been destroyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| a stable end point that experiences little change. |
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Term
| lotka volterra model of predation, for prey: dN/dt= |
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Definition
dN/dt=rN-apN
r = the intrinsic capacity for increase for the particular environment
N = number of prey
a = search and attack efficiency of the predator
P = number of predators |
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Term
lotka volterra model of predation, predator:
dP/dt |
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Definition
dP/dt=faPN-dP
d=mortality rate of the predator without this prey
f=predators efficiency in turning this prey into predator offspring
a=search and attack efficiency of the predator
N=number of prey
P= number of predators |
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Term
| lotka volterra predation model with carrying capacity for prey dN/dt |
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Definition
rN(1-N/K) -aPN
a =search and attack effeciency
P=number of predators
N=number of prey |
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Term
| how to make predator prey isoclines |
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Definition
predator: r/a=y, k=x .Prey: d/fa=verticle
prey=x predator=y
set equations of growth= to zero and solve for r/a and d/fa |
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Term
| functional response curves: type 1 |
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Definition
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Term
| functional response curves type 2 |
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Definition
| logistic (begins quickly) most common |
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Term
| functional response curves type 3 |
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Definition
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