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Definition
| The relative number of individuals of each age in a population. |
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Definition
| The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K. |
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Definition
| a usually complete enumeration of a population |
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Definition
| where there a certain areas of the population that have a greater density of the given organism than other places |
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Definition
| All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction. |
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Term
| Density-dependent limitation |
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Definition
| Referring to any characteristic that varies according to an increase in population density. |
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Term
| Density-independent limitation |
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Definition
| Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density. |
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Definition
| The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the geographic population. |
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Definition
| All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them. |
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Definition
| The movement of individuals out of a population. |
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Definition
| Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time. |
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Term
| interspecific competition |
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Definition
| Competition for resources between individuals of two or more species when resources are in short supply |
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Term
| intraspecific competition |
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Definition
| competition for resources between individuals of the same species |
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Term
| Intrinsic rate of increase |
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Definition
| The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths, symbolized as rmax; the maximum population growth rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density; also called density-dependent selection |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of time that an organism can live |
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Term
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Definition
| Population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity. |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest yield (or catch) that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Population characteristics |
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Definition
| the characteristics of a population |
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Definition
| A localized group of individuals of the same species that can interbreed, producing fertile offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments; also called density-independent selection |
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Term
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Definition
| where the density of a population is random and has no pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of organisms in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| A plot of the number of members of a cohort that are still alive at each age; one way to represent age-specific mortality |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a uniform density of the population across a given area |
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Definition
| A period of stability in population size, when the per capita birth rate and death rate are equal. |
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Term
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Definition
| The concept that when populations of two similar species compete for the same limited resources, one population will use the resources more efficiently and have a reproductive advantage that will eventually lead to the elimination of the other population. |
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Term
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Definition
| The place in which individuals of a particular species can usually be found. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum total of an organism's utilization of the biotic and abiotic resources of its environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which natural selection drives competing species into different patterns of resource use or different niches |
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Term
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Definition
| The number and relative abundance of species in a biological community. |
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Definition
| A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A phenomenon in which one species benefits by a superficial resemblance to an unrelated species. A predator or species of prey may gain a significant advantage through mimicry. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symbiotic relationship in which one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of another, the host, by living either within or on the host. |
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Definition
| An interaction between species in which one species, the predator, eats the other, the prey. |
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Term
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Definition
| a biological community of plants and animals which, through the process of ecological succession — the development of vegetation in an area over time — has reached a steady state |
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Term
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Definition
| The initial rapid colonizer species are the pioneer community |
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Definition
| A type of ecological succession that occurs in an area where there were originally no organisms present and where soil has not yet formed. |
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Definition
| A type of succession that occurs where an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance that leaves the soil or substrate intact. |
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Term
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Definition
| the stages of ecological succession of a plant community, for example, from young stage to old stage; the characteristic sequence of biotic communities that successively occupy and replace each other, altering in the process some components of the physical environment over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| an intermediate stage found in ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards its climax community |
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Term
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Definition
| more or less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community |
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Term
| List the 5 properties of populations |
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Definition
| Size, Density, Dispersion, Survivorship Curves and Age Structure Diagrams |
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Term
| Describe the three types of survivorship curves. |
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Definition
Type 1- low death rates in young, high death rates in the old ex: humans.
Type 2- a constant death rate ex: reptiles.
Type 3- high death rates in young, death rates decline once a certain age is reached ex: no parenting organisms like fish, invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategy used by scientists to estimate the number of individuals in a population |
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Term
| mark and recapture method |
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Definition
| organisms are captured, tagged and then released. later the process is repeated and the following formula is used for the collected data: N= (number marked in first catch) X (total number in second catch) / number of recaptures in second catch |
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Term
| mark and recapture method |
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Definition
| organisms are captured, tagged and then released. later the process is repeated and the following formula is used for the collected data: N= (number marked in first catch) X (total number in second catch) / number of recaptures in second catch |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions |
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Term
| competitive exclusion principle |
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Definition
| if two species share a niche they will automatically compete |
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Term
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Definition
| Russian scientist who developed the competitive exclusion principle |
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Term
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Definition
| when two species compete for resources and one of the species evolves through natural selection to exploit different resources |
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Term
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Definition
| a divergence in body structure to avoid competition ex: Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands |
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Term
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Definition
| very bright coloration of poisonous animals as a warning that possible predators should avoid them |
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Term
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Definition
| copycat coloration, one harmless animal mimics the coloration of a poisonous one ex: viceroy butterfly and the monarch butterfly |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more poisonous species resemble each other and gain an advantage from their combined numbers ex: cuckoo bee and yellow jacket |
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Term
| Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) |
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Definition
| the amount of light energy that is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis per unit time |
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Term
| Net Primary Productivity (NPP) |
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Definition
| equal to the GPP minus the energy used by producers for their own cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms at higher trophic levels have greater concentrations of accumulated toxins stored in their bodies than those at lower trophic levels ex: Bald Eagle and DDT |
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Term
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Definition
| permanently frozen subsoil |
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