Term
| What is the broad-lipped orchid? |
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Definition
Grows on forest floor
green flowers
only about 6 inches tall
pollinated by thynnine wasp (male) |
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Term
| How does broad-lipped orchid get pollinated? |
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Definition
| Releases pheromones which trick the wasp into believing there is a female wasp present for mating. Orchid is pollinated in the process |
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Term
| What determines success of a seed? |
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Definition
Seed size
Larger seeds carry a large nutrient package allowing for better chances of germination |
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Term
How do smaller seeds with small nutrient packages germinate?
Use broad-lipped orchid as an example |
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Definition
Must develop other interactions to survive such as orchid and mycorrhizal fungus
fungi infect seed--seed uses fungus for nutrients/fungus uses photosynthetic products when plant grows |
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Term
| What are names for exploitative relationships? |
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Definition
predation
parasitism
parasatoidism |
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Term
| What does mutualism mean? |
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Definition
Two species which interact with one another and benefit one another
+ + relationship |
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Term
| What does symbiosis mean? |
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Definition
Two species live in close proximity to one another and interaction can be:
- 0 + |
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Term
| Contrast facultative and obligatory relationships |
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Definition
Faculatative is where two species do not have to interact for survival but often do
Obligatory is where at least one of two species MUST interact with another species in order to survive |
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Term
| What is an example of obligatory, non-symbiotic relationship? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
interaction in which one species benefits and the other is not generally affected
+ 0
Can shift into mutualism or predation |
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Term
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Definition
The product of one species has a harmful affect on other species but does not necessary help or hurt the one
0 - |
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Term
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Definition
One species lives off of a host causing negative effects and also has the added effect of killing its host
+ - |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutually detrimental relationship between species when resources are in short supply |
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Term
| What is intraspecific competition? |
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Definition
| Members of the same speicies vie for limited resources |
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Term
| Intraspecific competition affects what in a populatioN? |
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Definition
| Carrying capacity--the number of individuals an environment can support |
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Term
| What are some density dependent factors affecting population size? |
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Definition
food availability
disease and predation
waste buildup |
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Term
| What is population regulation? |
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Definition
| Density dependent and independent factors which influence the overall density and therefore carrying capacity of a species in an environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes how small changes will effect lambda |
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Term
| In terms of lambda how can population growth be determined? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
negative effects of low population densities
undercrowding can be as harmful as overcrowding
increase chance of predation
genetic variability issues
reproductive consequences |
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Term
| What are two water quality parameters of great importance to streams? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does total total nitrogen and total phosphorus include? |
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Definition
| all organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds |
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Term
| What happens to streams with high nitrogen and phosphorus contents? |
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Definition
| Algae blooms reduce light availabity and algael death increases bacterial growth in water i.e. less oxygen available |
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Term
| Why are macroinvertebrates important in determining stream health? |
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Definition
important members of the food web and respond relatively quickly to ecological changes
indicators of stream health
many require high oxygen and low pollutant levels for survival |
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Term
| What macroinvertebrates make the best bioindicators? |
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Definition
| mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies |
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Term
| What are the six categories of MMI (multi metric index) for assessing wadeable streams? |
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Definition
taxonomic richness
taxonomic composition
taxonomic diversity
feeding groups (leaf shredders/algal feeders)
habits (burrowers/crawl/swim)
pollution tolerance |
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Term
| What is the highes MMI score a stream can have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are wadeable streams chosen for EPA healthy stream assesments |
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Definition
Infeasible to assess every waterway
provide a strong link between land use and water quality
contribute to larger river systems |
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Term
| What percent of perennial waterways do wadeable streams represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What EPA region do we live in? |
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Definition
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