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Ecology exam 1
Ecology
31
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 2
02/12/2017

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Term
Ecosystem
Definition
Community of organisms plus the physical environment
Term
Community
Definition
An association of interacting species in the same area
Term
Null Hypothesis
Definition
Claims there will be no change/difference
Term
Independent variables
Definition
(treatments) what is manipulated
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
What is measured
Term
Control
Definition
Unaltered variable
Term
Phenotypic Plasticity
Definition
Variation in form and function within a species due to env. factors
Term
Evolution
Definition
Change in allele frequency over time
Term
Coevolution
Definition
Reciprocal evolutionary change in interacting species
Term
Bottleneck effect
Definition
Population almost extinct and then there is a rebound
Term
Founder's effect
Definition
Small population gets isolated
Term
Phenotype
Definition
an individual's observable traits
Term
Fitness
Definition
Describes how good a genotype is at leaving offspring relative to other genotypes
Term
Constraints on adaptive evolution
Definition
1)Lack of genetic variation
2)Evolutionary history (ancestry)
3)Ecological trade-offs/compromises
Term
Genetic Drift
Definition
loss of alleles in small populations by random chance
Term
Ectotherm
Definition
-Must get body heat from surroundings
-Tend to have dark pigmentation
Term
Endotherm
Definition
Produce heat internally meaning biochem systems operate and coordinate better
Term
Torpor
Definition
State of dormancy/hibernation: Body temp and basal metabolic rates are lowered
Term
Heat regulation in plants
Definition
-Reflective hairs, leaf size, leaf angle, stem height, color
Term
C3 Plants
Definition
-85% of plants
-Stomata close when hot, causing CO2 levels to drop and O2 levels to build up during photo.
Term
C4 Plants
Definition
CO2 delivered directly to Rubisco by spatial separation of C4 & C3 steps in diff cell types, speeding up photo. and increasing water efficiency (3% of land plants)
Term
CAM Plants
Definition
-Temporal separation of C3 & C4 (stomata close during day and open at night),store CO2 for photosynthesis
-8% of land plants
Term
Intrasexual Selection
Definition
male to male competition
Term
Intersexual Selection
Definition
Female mate choice
Term
Honest Signals
Definition
Vocals (pitch and intensity of calls), body size, weapons
Term
Parental Investment
Definition
Diff: Gamete size, resources donated to mates, protection
Sexual selection more intense for sex with lower PI
Term
Carotenoids
Definition
Orange color, antioxidants, immune system function, precursor for visual pigments
Term
Monogamy
Definition
-One male and one female, both provide care
-Social:Pairs, but okay to be in multiple pairs
Genetic:Strict, one pair
Term
Polygyny
Definition
Male with multiple females, female provides care
Term
polyandry
Definition
female with multiple males, male provides care
Term
promiscuity
Definition
Both mate with multiple partners
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